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3. Reading

Reading 9.1.

Read the text “Measurement of Production” and answer these questions.

1.What is an elementary form of evaluation?

2.What is closely allied to the production of publicity materials?

Measurement of Production

One elementary form of evaluation is simply to count how many news releases, feature stories, photos, letters, and the like are produced in a given period of time. This kind of evaluation is supposed to give management an idea of a staff’s productivity and output. Public relations professionals, however, do not believe that this evaluation is very meaningful because it emphasizes quantity instead of quality. It may be more cost-effective to write fewer news releases and spend more time on the few that really are newsworthy. It may, for example, be more important for a staff person to spend five weeks working on an article for the Wall Street Journal* or Fortune than to write 29 routine personnel releases.

Notes

The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is an English – language international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company in New York City with Asian and European editions. It has a worldwide daily circulation of more than 2 million as of 2006, with 931, 000 paying online subscribers.

(“Wall Street Journal” Wikipedia. 18 Sept. 2007. 18 Sept 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal>.)

Another side of the production approach is to specify what the public relations person should accomplish in obtaining media coverage. One state trade association once evaluated its director of media relations on the expectation that (1) four feature stories would be run in any of the 11 largest newspapers in the state and (2) news releases would be used by at least 20 newspapers, including five or more among the 50 largest.

Notes

Fortune magazine is an American business magazine founded by Henry Luce in 1930. His publishing business, consisting of Time, Life, Fortune, and Sports Illustrated, grew to become Time Warner, the world’s largest media conglomerate, before it was acquired by AOL in 2000. Fortune is

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currently published by the company’s Time Inc. subsidiary. The magazine is especially known for its annual features ranking companies by revenue.

(“The Gallup Organization” Wikipedia. 18 Sept. 2007. 18 Sept 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_magazine.)

Such evaluation criteria are not only unrealistic but almost impossible to guarantee, because media gatekeepers – not the public relations person – make such decisions. Management may argue, however, that such placement goals provide incentive to the public relations staff and the tangible criteria in employee performance evaluation. Closely allied to the production of publicity materials is their distribution. Thus a public relations department might report, for instance, that a total of 756 news releases were sent to 819 daily newspapers, 250 weeklies, and 137 trade magazines within one year, or that 110,000 copies of the annual report were distributed to stockholders, security analysts, and business editors.

(Wilcox, Dennis L., et al. Essentials of Public Relations. New York: Longman., 2001. P. 165-166)

Reading 9.2.

Read the text “Advertising Equivalency” and answer these questions.

3.What is advertising equivalency?

4.What is the fundamental difference between advertising and publicity?

5.Is it easy to measure publicity effectiveness in dollar-value?

Advertising Equivalency

Another approach is to calculate the value of message exposure. This is done by converting stories in the regular news columns or on the air into equivalent advertising costs. In other words, a 5-inch article in a trade magazine that charges $100 per column inch for advertising would be worth $500 in publicity value.

Mack Trucks, for example, evaluated its public relations campaign to improve its image in the trucking industry by using advertising equivalency. It reported, “The program generated more than 9,000 inches of editorial coverage with an advertising equivalency of more than $1.2 million – more than five times the company’s investment in the program.”

Notes

Mack Trucks is one of the world's leading truck-manufacturing companies. It is now a subsidiary of AB Volvo, Volvo Group. The company's headquarters are in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley region of the state. The company's primary manufacturing

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