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(“Public Relations.” Wikipedia. 6 Sept. 2007. 8 Sept. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Relations#>.)

Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist. The aim of propagandism is to influence people's opinions or behaviors actively, rather than merely to communicate the facts about something.

(“Propaganda.” Wikipedia. 7 Sept. 2007. 8 Sept. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda >.)

Listen to an interview with Derek Avery, a PR-specialist at Public Relations Society of America, who talks about popular understanding of PR. Answer these questions.

1.In what meanings is the term PR used today?

2.What is the major function of PR?

3.What is the origin of spin?

Complete the extract of what Derek says about the difference between PR and spin.

Spin occurs when there is something difficult or controversial to deal with; in other words

– _______. To control damage, you use “good spin” and avoid “bad spin”. Good spin seeks to minimize damage while bad spin is close to _______. It attempts to turn a bad story into a good one by _______ or _________ bad facts, by releasing information selectively and _______, and sometimes by being less than completely truthful. There is nothing new in government spin-doctors

_______ bad news when the attention of the press is focused elsewhere. All parties use these tactics to make, or _______, embarrassing announcements when journalists are preoccupied with another story. The truth is PR and spin couldn’t be _______ apart. Real PR does not involve any economies of truth, or ________ or attempts to block genuine dialogue with the public – all of which are weapons in the spin arsenal.

Listening 1.2.

Notes

Given (prep) = taking something into account, e.g.: Given the circumstances, you’ve done really well.

(“Given.” Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. 4th ed. London: 2005.)

The word public (n) can be followed by a singular or plural verb, e.g.: On the whole the public is / are conservative about education.

A public (pl. publics) = a key audience

(“Public.” Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. 4th ed. London: 2005.)

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