Раздел 4. Второе занятие

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13. Назовите термин, исходя из следующих определений:

1. The class of integrated circuits that has the fewest number of func­tions per chip.

2. The sockets on a computer where the peripherals interface.

3. A published collection of programs routines and subroutines avail­able to every user of the computer.

2. Проверьте, как вы умеете оперировать грамматическими и лексическими явлениями при переводе.

Текст 4.4 В

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The proliferation of computer languages that has been going on for some time will continue indefinitely. Most of the new languages will be aimed at making it easier to perform specialized kinds of pro­cessing. The trend will be away from Procedure Oriented Languages toward languages that will allow the user to specify what task the sys­tem is to perform, rather than how the system will perform the task.

By far the greatest challenge in the language area will be to develop new and more powerful general-purpose languages. The concepts of parallel processing and distributing computing call for new approaches to the description and solution of large-scale, complex problems. These languages will have to accommodate a degree of system complexity and coordination far beyond the ability of most existing languages.

Текст 4.5 В

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Electronic Impact

The profound long-term impact of electronics on the design of the ^Cars we drive is not easy to fully comprehend.

Микроэлектроника настоящее и будущее

The first transistor ignition systems began showing up in 1950s. Electronics can perform basic engine functions that we had always as­sumed were the province of mechanics.

With microprocessor chips available for less than the cost of a tank of gasoline, we can afford more control of the events in an internal combustion cycle.

Lucas Industries of England has patented computer-controlled electro-magnetically operated intake and exhaust valves (клапаны).

Imagine what your car’s future engine could be!

Текст 4.6 В

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Parallelism

Basically, parallel processing means the use of parallel or redun­dant circuits to accomplish similar or different functions. In the first case, the computer achieves a higher throughput merely by having more circuits working at one time. In the case of different functions, through­put is increased by having different portions of the computer work on different aspects of a problem at the same time, instead of having the computer step through series of functions sequentially.

Although it is possible to design parallelism into the massive CPU of a mainframe macro, tomorrow’s big computer will achieve this ca­pability through combinations of separate processors — distributed computing.