Раздел 1 Первое занятие

73

circuits; the point of discussion; the performance benefit re­sulting from microelectronics

(21-30): close coupling of computer conductors; the power consump­tion is of designer concern; the shortcomings of the device

(31-40): difficulty of manufacturing switching systems; to assemble circuit modules; the impetus to new studies; to lead to sim­ilarity; the advent of a new concept; to mount devices on a

substrate

15. Найдите в первой части основного текста английские эквиваленты следую­щих речевых отрезков, запишите их.

1. увеличивать надежность электронных приборов

2. до изобретения транзистора

3. низкий расход энергии

4. уменьшение расстояния между элементами схемы

5. характеристики электронных схем улучшились во много раз

6. микроэлектронные приборы состоят из ...

2. Ознакомьтесь с терминологией.

15. Переведите следующие термины. Запомните их.

Chip: chip family, chip carrier, array chip, face-down chip, base

chip, bipolar chip, dense chip, master chip, gate array chip

Gate: discrete gate, insulated gate, transistor gate, two-input gate,

diode-transistor-logic gate

Junction: back-to-back junction, blocking junction, isolation junction

Микроэлектроника настоящее и будут

Второе занятие

Работа в аудитории

1. Проверьте домашнее задание.

1. Проверьте письменный перевод второй части основного текста.

2. Проверьте (выборочно) упражнения 1.11; 1.12; 1.13; 1.15; 1.16.

2. Проверьте, как вы запомнили слова второй части основ­ного текста.

15. Переведите устно следующие речевые отрезки из второй части основного текста:

(41-45): circuit technique, the advent of microelectronic circuits, for the benefit of similarity, the invention of new techniques, cir­cuit patterns involved perform best, the transistor is a two- junction device, the term refers to the device, employed in the construction

(46—52): to provide a new manufacturing technique, to involve chang­es, the transistor is a two-junction device, the term refers to the material, base regions on each chip, array chip, fast chip, speech chip, to place on a single chip, a chip can be fitted with a number of transistors, the state of art of assembling, the upper boundary of circuit technology is marked by chips, cell array, matrix arrangement to define a shift

(53—67): the third electrode called the gate, in the common mode of operations, failure mode, in-line production mode, a new mode of integrated circuits, sensor, to sense heating, to change in a sense, dielectric waveguide, integrated circuits emerge, the limit of optical resolution, to extend power, to change in a certain extent

75

3. Учитесь переводить.

Текст 1.1 В

Переведите текст письменно без словаря. Время перевода — 15 минут. Значение пепеленных слов вы сможете понять из контекста.

Вариант 1

Electronic Devices

The invention of the transistor triggered the rapid growth of the electronics industry. Before transistors, electronic circuits were large, bulky and unreliable, they consumed considerable power (en­ergy) and therefore generated too much heat, which contributed to the deterioration of other circuit parts and materials, such as resis­tors, capacitors and insulation. With transistors, circuits became much smaller, more efficient in the use of energy, and far more re­liable. The higher reliability of the transistor circuits compared to vacuum tube equivalents is an extremely important advantage.

The techniques used to manufacture transistors led to the de­velopment that made it possible to mass-produce very small and highly reliable electronics circuits commonly known as integrated circuits (ICs). ICs have diodes, transistors, resistors and all inter-connecting leads formed on a single piece of semiconductor material.

Вариант 2

Microelectronics

It should first be made clear what the term “microelectronics” implies. Microelectronics embraces the entire body of the electronic art which is connected with, or applied to, the realization of elec­tronic circuits, subsystems, or the entire systems from extremely small electronic devices. The terms “microelectronics” and “integrated cir­cuits” are sometimes used interchangeably, but this is not correct.

Microelectronics is a name for extremely small electronic com­ponents and circuit assemblies, made by thin-film, thick-fllm orsemi- ^conductor techniques.

Микроэлектроника настоящее и будущ

An integrated circuit (IC) is a special kind of microelectronics. Ц is a circuit that has been fabricated as an inseparable assembly of elec tronic elements in a single structure. It cannot be divided without de­stroying its intended electronic function. Thus, ICs come under the general category of microelectronics, but all microelectronic units are not necessarily ICs.

Текст 1.2 В

Переведите текст устно (с листа). Работа выполняется под руководством препода­вателя.

The Future of ICs

When assessing the future course of ICs, it is customary to projcct another order of magnitude in circuit performance through a continu­ing reduction in the feature size of the devices on chip.

However, at our current level of IC development we must face several pragmatic barriers that will require some degree of research cre­ativity to overcome. For example, the chip complexity is extrapolated to 100,000,000 transistors per chip and beyond.

However, the latest models indicate that the power level of next- generation devices will be on the order of lOmW. Thus, a chip of this extrapolated complexity with these devices would require 1000 watts of input power and a packaging system capable of dissipating such pow­er. Since these small devices would operate at reduced supply voltages, the 1000 watts of input power would require currents on the order of 200 amperes and perhaps greater on a chip that should be less than one square inch in area. This set of conditions would apply only to a high- duty cycle and high-performance design and points out that important complexity/performance trade-offs must occur.

4. Учитесь аннотировать и реферировать.

Текст 1.3 В

а) Прочитайте текст. Выявите основную информацию каждого абзаца. Запи­шите информацию на русском языке (5—6 предложений). Проверьте в тории правильность понимания.