Раздел 1 Третье занятие

85

sired value of resistance. If high precision is required, laser-trimming jgused. If high values are desired, the line can be laid down in a zigzag pattern. To form a capacitance one can lay down a thin film of insu­lating material between two thin films of metal.

7. Контроль умения слушать и говорить.

1.21* Ответьте развернуто на следующие вопросы:

1. What were the most important facts for the development of elec­tronics? microelectronics?

2. Why could not early transistors satisfy the needs of the growing high­speed computers industry and microwave communication systems?

3. What is the major difference between electronic systems and mi­croelectronic devices?

22. Изложите кратко содержание основного текста на английском языке. Ос­новная тема сообщения: “Electronics Began with the Development of the Transistor”. Используйте следующие клише:

1. The author examines...

2. The evolution of (integrated circuits) must begin with the devel­opment of...;

3. In the broad sense (an integrated circuit) is a combination of...;

4. As (chip density) increases

5. The (circuit density) begins ...;

6. Details are given of...;

7. In summary, (the integrated circuit) offers ...

1*23. Подтвердите или опровергните прогнозы о развитии электроники, высказан­ные специалистами в 70-е годы. Используйте следующие выражения:

1. As far as I know... 5. Intensive efforts have been devoted to ...

2. To my knowledge ... 6. The efforts continue in the direction of...

3. For all I know... 7. It appears that the (process) will...

4. To sum up...

1- Further developments in thick and thin circuits will extend the range of values achievable using deposition and evaporation tech­niques, although some applications may still require “pellet” type components.

Микроэлектроника настоящее и буду!,

That’s not an easy or unexpensive accomplishment. Each addb tional level of miniaturization has added to the chip makers’ expenses

It costs at least $2 billion to build a chip-manufacturing plant today

Moreover, at a certain point of miniaturization, quantum laws take over and prevent devices from working according to the classical law of physics that govern the operation of conventional chips.

6. Контроль умения аннотировать и реферировать.

Текст 1.3 С

Прочитайте текст и кратко изложите его содержание на русском языке. Озаглавьте его.

As more ways are found to jam circuitry onto silicon chips, a new barrier to smaller and faster computers is emerging. The plastic or ce­ramic package that carries electrical signals on wires in and out of the chip is still bulky — sometimes 20 times as big as the chip.

One solution, promoted by National Semiconductor Cooperation and others, is tape automated bonding. Instead of the wires and prongs (штырь) now used to connect chips, connections are etched into coo per foil. These connections are five times closer together than the prongs are. IBM has tried abandoning chip packages altogether, connecting the chips directly to a surface containing multiple levels of wiring.

Текст 1.4 С

Прочитайте текст. Скажите на английском языке, что вы узнали: а) об electronic industry и films; б) о zigzag pattern и capacitance.

Вариант 1

Even before the invention of the transistor the electronics industry had studied the properties of thin films of metallic and insulating mate­rials. Such films range in thickness from a fraction of a micron, or less than a wavelength of light, to several microns. (A micron is a millionth of a meter; the wavelength of red light is about 7 micron.)

Вариант 2

A typical thin-film resistor consists of a fine metal line only a few thousands of an inch wide and long enough to provide the d£'