- •Psychology
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Part I. Introducing psychology Text 1. Special Fields of Psychology
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Physiological Psychology
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Gestalt Psychology
- •Assignments
- •Text 4. Social Psychology
- •Assignments
- •Part II. Family psychology Text 1. Family Relations
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Cohabitation.
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Family Problems
- •Assignments:
- •Text 4. Single-Parent Families
- •Assignments
- •Text 5. Stepfamilies
- •Assignments
- •Text 6. Ten Tips for Building a Marriage
- •Assignments
- •Text 7.The Difficult Child
- •Assignments
- •Text 8. Handling Aggressive Children
- •Assignments
- •Агресивні діти
- •Part III. Psychology of sex relations. Behavioral therapies.
- •3.1 Psychology of sex relations Text 1.Can Men and Women Be Friends?
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Men and Women Really do Think Differently
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Psychological Problems of Sex Relations
- •Assigments
- •3.2. Behavioral therapies Text 1. The Approaches to Therapy.
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Reciprocal Inhibition
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Desensitization in Real Life Situations
- •Assignments
- •Text 4. Other Methods of Treating Psychological Disorders.
- •Assignments
- •Text 5. Assertive Training
- •Assignments
- •Part IV. Temperament. Emotions
- •4.1 Temperament Text1. Personality: What is Temperament?
- •Assignments
- •Text 2.The Four Temperaments in General
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. How to Define Your Temperament
- •Assignments
- •Text 4. Personality and Handwriting
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •Text 5. Left-Handed People
- •Assignments
- •Про що можливо дізнатися з почерку?
- •4.2 Emotions Тext 1. What Are Emotions?
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Kinds of Emotions
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Loving
- •Assignments
- •Text 4. Fear and Anger
- •Assignments
- •Text 5. Long-Тerm Arousal
- •Assignments
- •Text 6. Attributions
- •Assignments
- •Text 7. Locus of Control
- •Assignments
- •Part V. Human feelings. Phobias.
- •5.1 Human feelings. Text 1. Our Feelings as the Motor of Our Life
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. How do We Loose Our Feelings?
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Negative Feelings
- •Assignments
- •Text 4. Find Constructive Ways to Release Your Anger
- •Assignments
- •Text 5. Shyness is a Common Social Problem
- •Assignments
- •Text 6. What is Modesty?
- •Assignments
- •5.2 Phobias Text 1. Social Phobia
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Facts about Phobias
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Social Phobia in Children
- •Text 4. Panic
- •Assignments
- •Part VI. Stress Text 1. Types of Stress
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Common Stress Symptoms
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Stress Areas
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •Text 4. Priorities in Managing Stress
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •Text 5. Stress Management and Communication
- •Assignments
- •Text 6. Stress Management Techniques
- •Assignments
- •Text 7. Steps to Combat Stress
- •Assignments
- •Part VII.Sleep and dreams. Memory and brain.
- •7.1. Sleep and dreams Text 1. Sleep
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. The Mystery of Sleep
- •Assignments
- •Text 3 . Sweet Dreams
- •Assignments
- •Text 4. The Meaning of Dreams
- •Assignments
- •Text 5. Freud and Dreams
- •Assignments
- •Text 6. Body Clock
- •Assignments
- •7.2 Memory and brain. Text 1. Memory
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Inside the Brain.
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Hypnotherapy
- •Assignments
- •Part VIII. Psychology of learning. Psychology in work.
- •8.1 Psychology of learning. Text 1. Asociation Learning
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Treating Phobias.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Operant Conditioning
- •Assignments
- •Text 4. Imitation and Modelling
- •Assignments
- •Text 5. Schemas
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •Text 6. The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •8.2. Psychology in work Text 1. Psychological Theories about Unemployment and Retirement
- •Latent functions of working
- •Assignments
- •Text 2. Retirement and Responsibility
- •Assignments
- •Text 3. Leadership
- •Assignments
- •Text 4. Choosing People for Jobs
- •Assignments
- •Список літератури
Assignments
I. Memorize the following words and phrases:
unresolved |
нерозв’язаний, невирішений |
pitfall |
помилка |
reluctance |
небажання |
to vent anger |
давати вихід гніву |
to pinpoint |
точно визначити, указувати |
to put somebody on the defensive |
примушувати когось займати оборонну позицію |
II. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents of the phrases fellow:
to lack objectivity; blame others for causing the others; helpless victim; reluctance to ask for support; lack of trust; lack of support; distancing in the relationship; avoid making accusations; to restore harmony; people undergoing stress; to respond on an emotional level; to keep stress in check; to get somebody off the subject.
III. Answer the questions:
1. Why is it so important to believe that we can win a stressful situation?
2. What does it mean “to identify real issue” in a stressful situation?
3. What happens when people decide they are the victims in a stressful situation?
4. Why is it important to inform people at work or at home what causes our stress?
5. What would you advice a person experiencing a conflict with another person which produces stress? What communication techniques will you advise him/her to use?
6. What are the common communication pitfalls?
7. Why is it important to focus on solution, not problems?
IV. Reflect on a conflict you've recently experienced. How did you handle it and what were the results?
1. Describe the conflict of communication. (Who was it with? What was it about?)
2. How did you manage it? (What did you say? How did you act?)
3. What were the results? (How did you feel? How did others feel? Are you happy with the results?)
4. Are you happy with the way you handled your encounter?
5. Has the conflict/encounter left your relationship stronger or weaker?
V. Identify individuals with whom you are having trouble communicating. Which of the following behaviours affect your ability to communicate with them?
1. They interrupt me when I talk.
2. They ask questions that demand agreement with them; e.g., they make a statement and then say, 'Don't you agree?'
3. They're always rushed for time, claim to have another meeting to attend and frequently look at their watches while I'm speaking.
4. They give me the feeling that I'm wasting their time.
5. They act as if they are just waiting for me to finish talking so they can interject something of their own.
6. They put me on the defensive when I ask a question or make a suggestion about improving things.
7. They ask questions as if they doubt everything I say.
8. They rarely give me feedback, so I never know if they were listening or if they understood me.
9. They rephrase what I say as if I hadn't said it right.
10. They get me off the subject with their questions and comments.
Now, review the list again and make list of the behaviours you want to improve.
VI. Translate into English:
1. Основною причиною виникнення стресових ситуацій у подружньому житті буває відсутність довіри чи підтримки, відчуження у стосунках між чоловіком та жінкою, а не певні звички когось із подружжя.
2. Якщо виникає конфлікт з іншою людиною, що призводить до стресу, не дозволяйте залучати себе до прямої конфронтації і не реагуйте надто емоційно.
3. Звичайними помилками спілкування у стресовій ситуації є: перенесення свого стресового стану на інших людей, зосередження на симптомах, а не на проблемі, небажання звернутися з проханням про допомогу.
4. Ефективне спілкування передбачає наступні елементи: якщо ви перебуваєте в стресовому стані і це шкодить іншим людям, розкажіть їм про причину свого стану; спробуйте визначити справжню причину стресу; уникайте звинувачень, зосередьте увагу на вирішенні проблеми, а не на самій проблемі; пам’ятайте про те, що вашою метою є усунення стресу і відновлення гармонії.
5. Ефективне спілкування може бути забезпечене використанням таких методик: дозвольте іншій стороні дати вихід гніву; спробуйте визначити основні проблеми, тримайте свій стресовий стан під контролем, спілкування має бути націленим на вирішення проблеми.