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8. Here are some phrases you can use when giving directions.

It’s a bit complicated, I’d better show you on the map. It’ll take about 20 minutes on foot. Go to the right as you leave this building and turn left when you get to the town hall. Keep straight on and go across the river. You’ll see the railway station on your right / on the right. Continue along that road for three blocks till you come to a church. Opposite the church there’s a big square. The restaurant is down a little back street on the other side of the square. You can take the tram – it’s the number 89 which says ‘zoo’ on the front. You’ll need to get a ticket from the machine before you get on. At the fifth stop you get off and cross the road and walk on for about 100 metres. The restaurant is on the left, you can’t miss it. Drive straight on until you see the blue signs that say ‘CITY’. Follow these signs as far as the lake and then turn right and drive along the lake for about 5 km. The restaurant is on the right just after the first village, you can’t miss it.

Work in pairs. Play the roles of host and visitor.

9. It’s a good idea to get to know your own city or town from a visitor’s point of view – this may be quite different from your view as a resident.

What do you know about your own city? Do you know …

  • where a visitor could go on a free day, or at the weekend?

  • when the museums and art galleries are open?

  • how a visitor can get tickets for a concert or show?

  • where a visitor can rent a car?

  • which restaurants serve typical local dishes?

  • where a visitor can buy local specialities to take home?

  • when the bus to the airport leaves and how long it takes?

10. Read and translate the text “Classification of Organization Cultures”.

Power Cultures (Силовой тип взаимоотношений / силовий тип взаємовідносин)

In these cultures self-reliant and highly competitive self-development provides the basis of relations. A manager’s success is related to their charisma and influence, rather than to their knowledge and experience. The style of the chief executive is the model for other managers. In organizations of this type managers need to be tough-minded and aggressive.

Role Cultures (Ролевой тип взаимоотношений / рольовий тип взаємовідносин)

In these cultures a manager’s role is completely related to their place within a centralized system. Their success depends on how well they adhere to rules, procedures, and precedents. Individualism and aggression are not valued in these cultures. Employees in these organizations should not exceed the limits of their roles.

Task Cultures (Тип взаимоотношений, нацеленный на выполнение задач / тип взаємовідносин, націлений на виконання задач)

In organizations of this type they value everything that makes it possible ‘to get the work done’. The main concern in these organizations is with successful completion of their projects. A manager’s success is related to their knowledge and experience required to achieve tasks, rather than to meet the requirements of their role.

Individual Cultures (Взаимоотношения индивидуальностей / взаємовідносини особистостей)

In organizations of this type freedom of expression is valued the most. Effectiveness of any activity in these organizations is rated by how much the activity satisfies the staff, rather than by how well it conforms to business plans. Independence, creativity, and experiment are also valued in these organizations.