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Учебное пособие НАР.ШАМ. 2008.doc
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Аррendix II

Physiological Processes and Changes

Приложение II

Описание физиологических процессов и изменений

Nouns: Verbs:

function Discribing Function

role to take place

process to occur

stage to serve

step to act as

act to operate

activity to fulfil

agent to perform

factor to carry out

efficiency to promote

inefficiency to provide

failure to aid in

control to help

regulation to assist

accomplishment to need

passage to require

passage-way to maintain

transport to accomplish

transmission to form

distribution to regulate

exchange to be regulated by

absorption to control

circulation to be controlled by

elimination to support

excretion to protect

withdrawal to display

rate to exhibit

ratio to manifest

level to produce

number to develop

quantity to involve

amount to gain

deficiency to obtain

lack to depend on/upon

abundance to influence

excess to be influenced by

quality to impact

feature to be sensitive to

dependence to tend

cause to prevent

reason to interfere

influence to obstruct

effect to block

damage to compensate

ham to be associated with

consequence to correspond to

impairment to manage to

tendency to fail

Verbs:

Discribing Sequence Describing Passage

to precede to enter … through/via

to be preceded by to pass from.. .through...to…

to cause to be passed

to be caused by to travel

to be due to to move

to result from to ascend

to initiate to descend

to induce to be carried

to begin to be transported

to start with to allow smth into

to arise from to send

to give rise to to transfer

to bring about to transmit

to proceed to to conduct

to follow to convey

to be followed by to receive

to continue to be received by

to go on to distribute

to keep on to reach

to stop to absorb

to end to be absorbed by

to finish to penetrate through/into

to complete to exchange

to terminate to combine with

to lead to to concentrate

to result in to accumulate

to conclude to replace

to be concluded with to remove

to release

to secrete

Describing Changes to discharge

to change to liberate

to impact to evacuate

to alter to excrete

to adapt to be excreted from ...through/via

to modify

to transform Adjectives:

to concert elementary

to turn into simple

to get complex

to become complicated

to improve necessary

JL . c/

to facilitate important

to activate primary

to stimulate essential

to increase vital

to enlarge involved in

to expand responsible for

to dilate normal

to swell subnormal

to elongate abnormal

to prolong varying

to magnify various

to impair adequate

to affect inadequate

to inhibit appropriate

to decrease average

to reduce optimal

to suppress constant

to diminish corresponding

to shorten sufficient

to contract insufficient

to constrict deficient

to relax reduced

to destroy considerable

to deplete profuse

to break down excessive

to restore abundant

to recover productive

efficient

Exspressions inefficient

Describing Sequence harmless

harmful

First…First of all... preliminary

Then…Next…After that… initial

…in its turn… previous

As a result… next

At the end… Finally… intermediate

...At last... final

last