Карл Леонгард Акцентуированные личности 1989г

<h \j_fy \bablZ h dhlhjhf b^_l j_qv Khgy m\b^_eZ dZd [_^gh `b\_l JZkdhevgbdh\ dhlhjuc g_aZ^he]h ^h wlh]h ^Ze __ fZq_o_ ^_g_] HkhagZ\ \kx ly`_klv gm`^u pZjys_c \ k_fv_ JZkdhevgbdh\uo Khgy hq_gv kljZ^Z_l k²

²<u gZf \k_ \q_jZ hl^Zeb²ijh]h\hjbeZ \^jm] \ hl\_l Khg_qdZ dZdbf lh kbevguf b kdhjuf r_ihlhf \^jm] hiylv kbevgh ihlmib\rbkv =m[u b ih^[hjh^hd __ hiylv aZiju]Zeb HgZ ^Z\gh m`_ ihjZ`_gZ [ueZ [_^ghc h[klZgh\dhc JZkdhevgbdh\Z b l_i_jv keh\Z wlb \^jm] \uj\Zebkv kZfb kh[hc

Lj_\h`ghklv [hyaeb\hklv Khgb aZ\bkyl \ dZdhc lh f_j_ hl __ fheh^hklb \_^v kZfZ hgZ ihqlb ^bly Gh _s_ kbevg__ q_f [hyaeb\hklv ijhy\ey_lky m Khgb²k kZfh]h gZqZeZ jhfZgZ² khkljZ^Zgb_ LZd hgZ k \_ebqZcr_c ]hlh\ghklvx [_j_l ih^ aZsblm fZq_om ohly lZ hlghkblky d g_c [_a hkh[hc kbfiZlbb b ^Z`_ \ ba\_klghc kl_i_gb \bgh\gZ \ lhf mgbabl_evghf iheh`_gbb \ dhlhjhf hdZaZeZkv Khgy k

<b^gh [ueh qlh \ g_c Khg_ m`Zkgh fgh]h aZljhgmeb qlh _c m`Zkgh ohl_ehkv qlh lh \ujZablv kdZaZlv aZklmiblvky DZdh_ lh g_gZkulbfh_ khkljZ^Zgb_ _keb fh`gh lZd \ujZablvky bah[jZabehkv \^jm] gZ \k_o q_jlZo ebpZ __ ²;beZ >Z qlh \u wlh =hkih^b [beZ : ohlv [u b [beZ lZd qlh ` Gm lZd qlh `"<u gbq_]h gbq_]h g_ agZ_l_ Wlh lZdZy g_kqZklgZy Zo dZdZy g_kqZklgZy B [hevgZy

;he__ lh]h Khgy ihke_ kf_jlb hlpZ h[\bgy_l ^Z`_ k_[y qlh[u aZsblblv fZq_om k

: kdhevdh kdhevdh jZa y __ \ ke_au \\h^beZ >Z gZ ijhrehc _s_ g_^_e_ Ho y <k_]h aZ g_^_ex ^h _]h kf_jlb Y `_klhdh ihklmibeZ B kdhevdh jZa y wlh ^_eZeZ :o dZd l_i_jv p_euc ^_gv \kihfbgZlv [ueh [hevgh Khgy ^Z`_ jmdb ehfZeZ ]h\hjy hl [heb \hkihfbgZgbc

:\lhj jZkkdZau\Z_l qblZl_ex b h lhf \ q_f aZdexqZehkv fgbfh_ [_kk_j^_qb_ Khgb Khgy hldZaZeZkv hl^Zlv fZq_o_ gh\uc \hjhlgbqhd b gZjmdZ\gbqdb dhlhju_ lhc [ueb ^_ckl\bl_evgh kh\k_f gb d q_fm k

²GZ qlh \Zf ]h\hjx DZl_jbgZ B\Zgh\gZ"LZd b kdZaZeZ©gZ qlhªM` wlh]h lh g_ gZ^h [ueh [u _c ]h\hjblv HgZ lZd gZ f_gy ihkfhlj_eZ b lZd _c ly`_eh ly`_eh klZeh qlh y hldZaZeZ b lZd wlh [ueh `Zedh kfhlj_lv

Ihkdhevdm Khgy h^gh\j_f_ggh h[eZ^Z_l qm\kl\hf ^he]Z bkiheg_gZ khkljZ^Zgby b [hyaeb\Z lh fh`gh ij_^iheZ]Zlv qlh wlh ebqghklv hlebqZxsZyky h[s_c \ha[m^bfhklvx wfhpbc k ij_h[eZ^Zgb_f Zevljmbklbq_kdbo qm\kl\ Ih^l\_j`^_gb_f fh]ml kem`blv fgh]b_ wibah^u jhfZgZ Khgx lZd [he_ag_ggh \hegm_l ij_ajbl_evgh_ aZf_qZgb_ h [h]_ kju\Zxs__ky k mkl JZkdhevgbdh\Z qlh hgZ lml `_ \uoh^bl ba k_[y k

Ebph Khgb \^jm] kljZrgh baf_gbehkv ih g_f ijh[_`Zeb km^hjh]b K g_\ujZabfuf mdhjhf \a]eygmeZ hgZ gZ g_]h ohl_eZ [ueh qlh lh kdZaZlv gh gbq_]h g_ fh]eZ \u]h\hjblv b lhevdh \^jm] ]hjvdh ]hjvdh aZju^ZeZ aZdju\ jmdZfb ebph

HgZ ijboh^bl \ m`Zk magZ\ qlh __ h[\bgyxl \ djZ`_ klZ jm[e_c M`Zk wlhl fh`gh kqblZlv \ h[s_f h[hkgh\Zgguf gh b a^_kv fu m[_`^Z_fky \ lhf dZd e_]dh fh`_l hgZ ihl_jylv kZfhh[eZ^Zgb_ ih^ gZieu\hf qm\kl\

²G_l wlh g_ y Y g_ [jZeZ Y g_ agZx²aZdjbqZeZ hgZ jZaju\Zxsbf k_j^p_ \hie_f b [jhkbeZkv d DZl_jbg_ B\Zgh\g_

Gh b ihke_ lh]h dZd __ g_\bgh\ghklv ^hdZaZgZ ^mr_\gZy [hev g_ ij_djZsZ_lky k

Gh \ i_j\mx fbgmlm m` kebrdhf ly`_eh klZeh G_kfhljy gZ k\h_ lhj`_kl\h b gZ k\h_ hijZ\^Zgb_²dh]^Z ijhr_e i_j\uc bkim] i_j\uc klhe[gyd dh]^Z hgZ ihgyeZ b khh[jZabeZ \k_ ykgh ² qm\kl\h [_kihfhsghklb b h[b^u fmqbl_evgh kl_kgbeh _c k_j^p_ K g_c gZqZeZkv bkl_jbdZ

< k\yab k ih^h[gufb kp_gZfb Z\lhj ^Z_l q_ldb_ ihqlb ijyfu_ nhjfmebjh\db oZjZdl_jbamy Khgbgm ebqghklv k

Khgy jh[dZy hl ijbjh^u b ij_`^_ agZeZ qlh __ e_]q_ ih]m[blv q_f dh]h [u lh gb [ueh Z m` h[b^_lv __ \kydbc fh] ihqlb [_agZdZaZggh Gh \k_ lZdb ^h kZfhc wlhc fbgmlu _c dZaZehkv qlh fh`gh dZd gb[m^v ba[_]gmlv [_^u²hklhjh`ghklvx djhlhklbx ihdhjghklbx i_j_^ \k_f b dZ`^uf

Ebgby ih\_^_gby Khgb \ hlghr_gbb JZkdhevgbdh\Z \u^Z_l g_ lhevdh __ jZklmsmx ex[h\v d g_fm gh lZd`_ b kbevgmx wfhpbhgZevgmx \ha[m^bfhklv Lh qlh hgZ ijboh^bl \ m`Zk mkeurZ\ ba mkl JZkdhevgbdh\Z ijbagZgb_ \ kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby \jy^ eb fh`_l dh]h gb[m^v m^b\blv bgl_j_kg__ lh qlh \ __ j_Zdpbb kgh\Z a\mqbl lh kZfh_ ©g_gZkulbfh_ª khkljZ^Zgb_ k

DZd [u k_[y g_ ihfgy hgZ \kdhqbeZ b ehfZy jmdb ^hreZ ^h k_j_^bgu dhfgZlu gh [ukljh \hjhlbeZkv b k_eZ hiylv ih^e_ g_]h ihqlb ijbdZkZykv d g_fm ie_qhf d ie_qm <^jm] lhqgh ijhga_ggZy hgZ \a^jh]gmeZ \kdjbdgmeZ b [jhkbeZkv kZfZ g_ agZy ^ey q_]h i_j_^ gbf gZ dhe_gb KhkljZ^Zgb_ k\h_ \ hlghr_gbb m[blhc Khgy m`_ \ujZ`ZeZ ih ^jm]hfm ih\h^m l_i_jv `_

_x [_a hklZldZ h\eZ^_\Z_l khkljZ^Zgb_ d g_kqZklghfm m[bcp_ k

² G_l g_l l_[y g_kqZklg__ gbdh]h l_i_jv k p_ehf k\_l_ ² \hkdebdgmeZ hgZ dZd \ bkklmie_gbb g_ keuoZ\ _]h aZf_qZgby b \^jm] aZieZdZeZ gZ\aju^ dZd \ bkl_jbd_

Iha^g__ Khgy ke_^m_l aZ JZkdhevgbdh\uf gZ dZlhj]m dhg_qgh wlh _klv k\b^_l_evkl\h __ ©aZdZeb\r_ckyª aZ wlh \j_fy ex[\b gh [_a aZeh`_gghc \ __ ebqghklb wfhlb\ghklb hgZ hdZaZeZkv [u g_kihkh[ghc gZ klhev kZfhhl\_j`_ggmx ex[h\v HgZ hklZ_lky k gbf \ ]hj_ gZ\k_]^Z k

²LZd gH hklZ\brv f_gy Khgy" ²]h\hjbe hg qmlv g_ k gZ^_`^hc kfhljy gZ g__²G_l g_l gbdh]^Z b gb]^_²\kdjbdgmeZ Khgy²aZ lh[hc ihc^m \kx^m ihc^m H ]hkih^b Ho y g_kqZklgZy B aZq_f aZq_f y l_[y ij_`^_ g_ agZeZ AZq_f lu ij_`^_ g_ ijboh^be"H ]hkih^b ²<hl y b ijbr_e²L_i_jv lh H qlh l_i_jv ^_eZlv <f_kl_ \f_kl_²ih\lhjyeZ hgZ dZd [u \ aZ[ulv_ b \gh\v h[gbfZeZ _]h²\ dZlhj]m k lh[hc \f_kl_ ihc^m

=em[bgZ wfhpbhgZevguo i_j_`b\Zgbc m Khgb klhev \_ebdZ qlh bo g_evay kqblZlv \ZjbZglhf ikbobdb kj_^g_]h q_eh\_dZ ;_kkihjgh Khgy ² Zdp_glmbjh\ZggZy ebqghklv ?_ ]hlh\ghklv ju^Zlv ^Z`_ ih g_agZqbl_evghfm ih\h^m qlh k\b^_l_evkl\m_l h fy]dhk_j^_qbb Khgb _s_ jZa ^hdZau\Z_l ijZ\bevghklv lZdhc d\ZebnbdZpbb :dp_glmbjh\Zgghklv Khgb m >hklh_\kdh]h \hkijbgbfZ_lky _s_ j_ev_ng__ _keb fu \kihfgbf ^jm]mx Khgx bah[jZ`_ggmx Lhekluf \ ©<hcg_ b fbj_ª WlZ ^jm]Zy Khgy ² ^h[jZy ^_\mrdZ kihkh[gZy gZ khqm\kl\b_ h[eZ^ZxsZy ^Z`_ ^Zjhf bkdj_gg_ khqm\kl\h\Zlv ex^yf H^gZdh ]em[hqZcrZy wfhpbhgZevgZy \ha[m^bfhklv m g__ hlkmlkl\m_l hlkx^Z b iZjZee_ev f_`^m g_x b Khg_c >hklh_\kdh]h \hagbdgmlv g_ fh`_l

>bklbfbq_kdb_ ebqghklb

Ihgylb_ oZjZdl_j fu \ ijbgpbi_ hlebqZ_f hl ihgylby l_fi_jZf_gl Wfhlb\ghklv ^he`gZ [ulv hlg_k_gZ ij_`^_ \k_]h d l_fi_jZf_glm \ rbjhdhf ieZg_ Jy^ ^jm]bo k\hckl\ ebqghklb k\yaZgguo lZd`_ k l_fi_jZf_glhf dZkZxlky _]h ijhy\e_gbc \ [he__ madhf kfuke_ keZ\Z < h^ghf ba k\hbo ijhba\_^_gbc =hlo_evn hibku\Z_l ^bklbfbq_kdmx beb ih kl_i_gb khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ijhy\e_gbc kdhj__ km[^_ij_kkb\gmx ebqghklv < ©<hkdj_kghf ^g_ ^_^mrdbª ly`_eh [hevghc klZjbd kh[bjZ_l k\hx k_fvx \hdjm] k_[y ^ey ihke_^gbo gZklZ\e_gbc G_\_kldZ klZjbdZ²gZlmjZ `bag_ggZy b ijZdlbqgZy Qlh `_ ^h kugZ lh hg qj_a\uqZcgh ly`_e gZ ih^t_f b ihklhyggh gm`^Z_lky \ hi_d_ hlpZ F_^ebl_evghklv ih \k_c \_jhylghklb _klv ke_^kl\b_ ^_ij_kkb\gh]h l_fi_jZf_glZ GbdeZmkZ Z\lhj \\h^bl _]h \ ih\_kl\h\Zgb_ ke_^mxsbfb keh\Zfb

k

H^gbf ba ihke_^gbo ijbr_e iha^hjh\Zlvky k ^_^mrdhc kug gug_rgbc ohaybg ^hfZ Wlh [ue q_eh\_d kj_^gbo e_l k g_kdhevdh fjZqguf ebphf b qj_a\uqZcgh f_^ebl_evguc

Hl_p ^Z_l _fm ihjmq_gb_ koh^blv d iZklhjm gh haZ[hq_gguc l_f [m^_l eb \k_ k\h_\j_f_ggh \uiheg_gh lml `_ gZqbgZ_l ijh\_jylv GbdeZmkZ < k\h_ \j_fy ^_^mrdZ ijbkfhlj_e _fm `_gm dhlhjZy [ueZ [u kihkh[gZ©\a[h^jblvª_]h L_i_jv hg h[jZsZ_lky d g_c k lZdbfb keh\Zfb k

²Y ohjhrh agZe gZr_]h GbdeZmkZ g_j_rbl_evgh]h \k_ \ `bagb mkeh`gyxs_]h q_eh\_dZ B ih^mfZe qlh emqr_ \k_]h ihfh]m _fm ih^h[jZ\ ih^oh^ysmx `_gm Lu D_l_eb gjZ\beZkv fg_ _s_ lh]^Z dh]^Z [ueZ kh\k_f ^_\qhgdhc b y ^mfZe hgZ \_k_eZy [ukljh khh[jZ`Z_l h[eZ^Z_l gZoh^qb\hklvx dhlhjZy m g_]h hlkmlkl\m_l ?keb hg `_gblky gZ ^_\mrd_ ihoh`_c gZ g_]h kZfh]h iehoh [m^_l ^_eh hgb gb k q_f ^Z`_ \^\h_f g_ kfh]ml kijZ\blvky ^himklbf hgb b kkhjblvky g_ [m^ml gh \_^v gb h^gh]h k\_leh]h qZkZ bf g_ m\b^_lv Z dh]^Z ^_lb ihy\ylky lh [m^ml hgb kZfu_ g_kqZklgu_ ^_lb gZ k\_l_ Z `bagv bo [m^_l ijhl_dZlv keh\gh \ hkh[hc kljZg_ ]^_ khegp_ g_ kby_l gb abfhc gb e_lhf

H^gZdh gZ^_`^u ^_^mrdb k[uebkv ebrv qZklbqgh k

>_^mrdZ gZ^_yeky qlh keZ\guc hldjuluc b `b\hc gjZ\ D_l_eb kfh`_l ih]ehlblv m]jxfhklv kugZ qlh `bagv bo haZjblky jZ^hklvx gh _]h f_qlZgby g_ k[uebkv ohly b `behkv kmijm`_kdhc q_l_ g_ lZd m` iehoh

Fukev h lhf qlh hl_p fh`_l mf_j_lv ]em[hdh ihljykeZ GbdeZmkZ k

D_l_eb [ukljh ijh[_`ZeZ ih \k_fm ^hfm gh gbdh]h g_ gZreZ GbdeZmkZ hgZ h[gZjm`beZ \ klhce_ hg kb^_e gZ kdZf__qd_ b ^mr_jZa^bjZxs_ ju^Ze ©=hkih^b ^Z qlh k lh[hc"ª ² kijhkbeZ D_l_eb bkim]Zggh b dh]^Z hg gbq_]h g_ hl\_lbe ijbk_eZ hdheh g_]h h[gyeZ _]h aZ ie_qb b kijhkbeZ [he__ g_`gh q_f dh]^Z eb[h©GbdeZmk qlh k lh[hc ijhbkoh^bl"Gm ih^_ebkv kh fghcª ©Hl_p mfj_l Z qlh fu lh]^Z [m^_f ^_eZlvª ²ijhbag_k hg kd\hav ke_au

K_jv_aghklv b f_^ebl_evghklv f_rZxl GbdeZmkm \klmiZlv \ `b\hc dhglZdl k hdjm`Zxsbfb Ex^b _fm g_ kbfiZlbabjmxl Hg ba aZ wlh]h kljZ^Z_l \k_ [hevr_ aZfudZ_lky \ k_[_ b dZ`_lky \k_f g_ijb\_leb\uf g_ex^bfuf q_eh\_dhf k

>h[juc GbdeZmk ijbgZ^e_`Ze d l_f j_^dbf ex^yf dhlhju_ ih gZlmj_ ijb\_leb\u gh g_ mf_xl wlh]h ihdZaZlv Z ihwlhfm hgb gbdhfm b g_ gjZ\ylky kZfb `_ hgb j_rZxl qlh ex^b k gbfb g_ ohlyl bf_lv gbq_]h h[s_]h l_jaZxlky l_f qlh bo gbdlh g_ ex[bl b bf_ggh ihwlhfm

kha^Z_lky \b^bfhklv qlh hgb kZfb dh \k_f g_l_jibfh hlghkylky GbdeZmk ex[bl k\hbo ^_l_c gh ihklhyggh [hblky qlh hgb [m^ml gbs_gkl\h\Zlv _keb khklhygb_ ijb^_lky ^_eblv gZ g_kdhevdh qZkl_c Z m ^_l_c kha^Z_lky \i_qZle_gb_ qlh hg `Ze__l bf ^_g_]

G_ijb\_leb\u_ fZg_ju GbdeZmkZ h[tykgyxlky lZdbf h[jZahf g_ _]h©\j_^guf gjZ\hfªZ kdhj__ ihklhygghc haZ[hq_gghklvx ih^Z\e_gghklvx GbdeZmk ² ebqghklv g_khfg_ggh ^_ij_kkb\gZy bf_ggh wlh h[mkeh\eb\Z_l b _]h f_^ebl_evghklv b g_j_rbl_evghklv =hlo_evn kmf_e m^b\bl_evgh lhgdh ih^f_lblv \k_ wlb q_jlu b k\yaZlv bo \h_^bgh hibku\Zy ^Zgguc l_fi_jZf_gl

>bklbfbq_kdb aZklj_\Zxsb_ ebqghklb

GZ^h iheZ]Zlv qlh =hlo_evn bkiulu\Ze hkh[h_ ijbkljZklb_ d bah[jZ`_gbx ^bklbfbq_kdbo beb km[^_ij_kkb\guo ebqghkl_c b[h wlhl l_fi_jZf_gl ij_^klZ\e_g _s_ m ^\mo i_jkhgZ`_c _]h ijhba\_^_gbc ijZ\^Z gZ wlhl jZa g_ [_a ijbf_kb iZjZghbq_kdbo q_jl J_qv b^_l ij_`^_ \k_]h h ]eZ\ghf ]_jh_ jZkkdZaZ©;Zjleb dhjabgsbdª< i_j\hc iheh\bg_ ijhba\_^_gby ^_ij_kkb\gh_ gZqZeh ;Zjleb ihdZaZgh [he__ yjdh q_f iZjZghbq_kdh_ Ihke_ lh]h dZd ih f_klghklb ijhr_e kbevguc mjZ]Zg =hlo_evn lZd oZjZdl_jbam_l ;Zjleb b _]h j_Zdpbb gZ wlh [_^kl\b_ k

;Zjleb hlghkbeky d l_f gulbdZf dhlhju_ \k_]^Z gZoh^yl ijbqbgm ihkdmeblv b gbdh]^Z gbq_fm g_ jZ^mxlky \_qgh hgb `Zemxlky gZ k\hb ihl_jb gb d dhfm g_ bkiulu\Zxl [eZ]h^Zjghklb dh]^Z ihy\ey_lky ih\h^ ihjZ^h\Zlvky hgb ihkl_i_ggh ijbau\Zxl ijh\b^_gb_ d hl\_lm aZ ms_j[ dhlhjuc hgh bf gZg_keh Dh]^Z khk_^b iha^jZ\eyxl _]h k bkdexqbl_evguf \_a_gb_f _]h ^hqv Z lZd`_ ^hfbd \hegu \h \j_fy mjZ]ZgZ ihsZ^beb hg gbq_]h b kemrZlv g_ ohq_l hl\_qZy ihlhdhf `Zeh[ ih]b[eb \k_ _]h dhau

Dh]^Z ;Zjleb dh \k_h[s_fm m^b\e_gbx gZoh^bl dha a^hjh\ufb b g_\j_^bfufb hg dZaZehkv [u bf__l hkgh\Zgb_ ohlv a^_kv bkiulZlv jZ^hklv Gbqmlv g_ [u\Zeh Hg \gh\v fjZq_g b haZ[hq_g lZd dZd jZa[mr_\Z\rb_ky \h^u jZajmrbeb kZjZc \ dhlhjhf kh^_j`Zebkv dhau k

² =f ^Z dhg_qgh \jh^_ [u _klv b ijbqbgZ mkihdhblvky ih\_k_e_lv Gh \u fg_ h^gh kdZ`bl_ qlh fg_ k dhaZfb lh ^_eZlv dm^Z y bo l_i_jv ^_gm" KZjZc lh ^_j`blky gZ q_klghf keh\_ MfZ g_ ijbeh`m dm^Z bo aZi_j_lv

?fm _s_ jZa mdZau\Zxl gZ lh qlh mjZ]Zg ihsZ^be _]h b qlh hg ^he`_g g_ k_lh\Zlv Z [ulv [eZ]h^Zjguf [h]m b km^v[_ GZ wlh ;Zjleb aZf_qZ_l k

: aZ qlh kh[kl\_ggh bo [eZ]h^Zjblv" AZ lh qlh m f_gy g_ hlgyeb fh_c djh\ghc kh[kl\_gghklb" Qlh `_ lh]^Z y ^he`_g [ue [u [eZ]h^Zjblv dZ`^mx kh[Zdm dhlhjZy f_gy g_ ihdmkZeZ : qlh ijbdZ`_l_ ^_eZlv dh]^Z qZklbqgh mjZ]Zg f_gy \k_ lZdb jZahjbe Z ex^b lhevdh b ^_eZxl qlh ih^kf_b\Zxlky dh]^Z y \hl \hl ehigm hl aehklb

A^_kv m`_ q_ldh gZf_qZxlky iZjZghbq_kdb_ q_jlu ebqghklb ;Zjleb h[\bgy_l [h]Z b km^v[m aZ lh qlh hgb ihkeZeb gZ a_fex mjZ]Zg gh h^gh\j_f_ggh hg `Zem_lky b gZ ex^_c ih^ljmgb\Zxsbo gZ^ gbf ba aZ g_ij_djZsZxsboky \hie_c ;he__ j_adh ijhy\eyxlky _]h iZjZghbq_kdb_ q_jlu \ l_o wibah^Zo ]^_ hg mihjgh hldZau\Z_l [m^ms_fm aylx ² keZ\ghfm fZehfm²\ jmd_ ^hq_jb Ih^ dhg_p xghrZ ^Z`_ kiZkZ_l ;Zjleb \f_kl_ k ^hq_jvx hl kf_jlb \

jZa[mr_\Z\rboky \hegZo gh ;Zjleb g_ kh[bjZ_lky [eZ]h^Zjblv _]h Z \f_klh wlh]h \hkdebpZ_l

k

² G_ gm`_g fg_ aylv dhlhjuc [u f_gy h[t_^Ze H^gh g_kqZklv_ m f_gy m`_ _klv gm ^himklbf lml gbdm^Z g_ ^_g_rvky wlh²jh^gZy ^hqv Gh gm`gh eb fg_ ba h^gh]h g_kqZklvy ^_eZlv ^\Z"

HldZa `_gbom fhlb\bjm_lky ^\mfy fhf_glZfb kdmihklvx b j_\gb\hc ih^hajbl_evghklvx < hkgh\Zo h[_bo q_jl e_`bl iZjZghbq_kdh_ gZqZeh hij_^_eyxsbf nZdlhjhf y\ey_lky ih^hajbl_evghklv K j_\gb\hc ih^hajbl_evghklvx hg ke_^bl aZ dZ`^uf rZ]hf ^hq_jb hg ihklhyggh haZ[hq_g l_f qlh dlh lh h[gZjm`bl kijylZggu_ bf ^_gv]b ebrb\ _]h [_kp_gguo k[_j_`_gbc G_ `_eZy jZkklZ\Zlvky k gZdhie_ggufb ^_g_`dZfb hg gZijhiZemx jm]Z_l b l_o fZkl_jh\ dZf_gsbdh\ dhlhju_ j_fhglbjmxl _]h ^hf ihke_ [_^kl\by k

²Wc lu lhevdh m l_[y [_a^_evx b mqblvky G_ gjZ\blky a^_kv lZd m[bjZcky gZ \k_ q_luj_ klhjhgu dZf_gsbdh\ m gZk keZ\Z [h]m o\ZlZ_l

;Zjleb \_jhylgh \k_o dZf_gsbdh\ jZah]gZe [u k m^h\hevkl\b_f lZd dZd aZljZlu gZ j_fhgl ^hfZ k dZ`^uf ^g_f \k_ [hevr_ \u\h^yl _]h ba k_[y Ihke_ dZf_gsbdZ gZklmiZ_l q_j_^ iehlgbdZ k

;Zjleb kijhkbe [_^gy]m iehlgbdZ qlh hg kh[kl\_ggh k_[_ ^mfZ_l"Hg \_jgh kqblZ_l qlh k ohaybgZ fh`gh k_fv rdmj ^jZlv"Gh ohaybg g_ ^mjZd b g_ ^mr_\gh [hevghc hg g_ iha\hebl k_[y ]jZ[blv kj_^b [_eZ ^gy

>jm] xghklb ;Zjleb \klmiZ_l \ kihj kh klZjuf kdjy]hc² jZ^b _]h `_ [eZ]Z Ih^ dhg_p ;Zjleb jZaj_rZ_l ^jm]m mijZ\eylv k\hbf khklhygb_f h[tykgyy wlh l_f qlh m g_]h ©k_j^p_ djh\vx h[eb\Z_lkyª dh]^Z hg \b^bl dZd ©jZa[ZaZjb\Zxlky _]h ^_gv]bª dZd ©wlb g_]h^yb jZ[hqb_ª h[h]ZsZxlky aZ _]h kq_l BlZd fu y\kl\_ggh jZaebqZ_f m ;Zjleb h[_ q_jlu km[^_ij_kkb\gmx b iZjZghbq_kdmx h^gZdh hgb g_ hl^_e_gu ^jm] hl ^jm]Z Z hj]Zgbq_kdb \aZbfhk\yaZgu \ ^Zgghc ebqghklb <jZ`^_[gZy ihabpby ;Zjleb ih hlghr_gbx d hdjm`Zxsbf iblZ_lky _]h haZ[hq_gghklvx k\yaZgghc k \hh[jZ`Z_fuf [ebadbf jZahj_gb_f >_ij_kkb\gZy q_jlZ y\eyxsZyky ijyfhc ijhlb\hiheh`ghklvx Zdlb\ghfm Z]j_kkb\ghfm ih\_^_gbx h[tykgy_l hlkmlkl\b_ m ;Zjleb iZjZghbq_kdhc Zdlb\ghklb K h^ghc klhjhgu ^_ij_kkb\guc l_fi_jZf_gl k\yaZg k [hevrbfb ljm^ghklyfb \ ijbgylbb j_r_gby k ^jm]hc ² ex^b ^_ij_kkb\gh]h lbiZ \k_]^Z hiZkZxlky \hafh`guo ihke_^kl\bc ijhy\e_gghc Z]j_kkbb IjZ\^Z ;Zjleb fh`gh dh_ \ q_f kqblZlv Z]j_kkb\guf gh wlh lhevdh gZ keh\Zo gZ ^_e_ hg gbdh]^Z g_ ^hoh^bl ^h \jZ`^_[guo Zdpbc Dh]^Z khk_^b gZ^ gbf ih^ljmgb\Zxl Z ^jm] ^_lkl\Z \hafms_gguc iulZ_lky _]h mj_ahgblv lh ohly ;Zjleb b ijh^he`Z_l \hiblv b `Zeh\Zlvky gh hg gb gZ dh]h g_ gZiZ^Z_l Ih^ dhg_p hg ^Z_l ^Z`_ kh]eZkb_ gZ [jZd ^hq_jb k g_gZ\bklguf _fm ayl_f dhlhjh]h _fm gZ\yau\Zxl dZd [u gZkbevkl\_gguf iml_f J_adh ih^q_jdb\Z_l Z\lhj ih^hajbl_evghklv lZd`_ b m \lhjhc km[^_ij_kkb\gh iZjZghbq_kdhc ebqghklb ba ^beh]bb©Meb [ZljZdªb ©Meb Zj_g^ZlhjªWlh²dj_klvygbg Bh]]_eb \ bf_gbb dhlhjh]h Meb \gZqZe_ kem`bl [ZljZdhf Z aZl_f klZgh\blky Zj_g^Zlhjhf wlh]h bf_gby Bh]]_eb ihklhyggh ghkblky k fukevx h lhf qlh _]h ohlyl gZ^mlv ohlyl qlh lh hlgylv m g_]h ?fm g_^hklZlhqgh lh]h qlh Meb [ue j_dhf_g^h\Zg _fm \_kvfZ kheb^guf b m\Z`Z_fuf q_eh\_dhf b hg lZcdhf j_rZ_l kh[jZlv ^hihegbl_evgh k\_^_gby h ihjy^hqghklb [ZljZdZ M`_ agZqbl_evgh iha^g__ dh]^Z Bh]]_eb kfh] \hhqbx m[_^blvky qlh Meb [_amkeh\gh q_klguc q_eh\_d hg \k_ _s_ ijh\h^bl hkdhj[bl_evgu_

wdki_jbf_glu k p_evx mklZgh\blv fh`gh eb Z[khexlgh ^h\_jylv Meb @_gZ Bh]]_eb aZy\ey_l

k

²Ih\_jvl_ Bh]]_eb g_ lZd m` ahe dZd dZ`_lky hg lhevdh qj_af_jgh ih^hajbl_e_g Gh hg `_ kZf [hevr_ \k_]h hl wlh]h kljZ^Z_l ohly hg b f_gy ^h\_e ^h lh]h qlh y hq_gv aeZy klZeZ gh \k_ jZ\gh fhy ghrZ e_]q_ q_f _]h M g_]h kZfh_ ly`_eh_ aZ[he_\Zgb_ m kZfh]h Bh]]_eb hg \k_]^Z g_m^h\e_l\h j_g aZ qlh ]hkih^v _]h lZd ihdZjZe h[ wlhf y m`_ ^mfZeZ g_ jZa²b \k_ `_ g_ fh]m ihklbqv FmqZ_l f_gy lh qlh ihfhqv _fm y g_ \ khklhygbb Y m`_ dZd lh iulZeZkv _fm \k_ wlh \lhedh\Zlv gh hg lhevdh ihkf_yeky gZ^h fghc

BlZd fu dhgklZlbjm_f qlh Ch]]_eb ² iZjZghbq_kdZy ebqghklv gh m g_]h g_l hldjulhc Z]j_kkb\ghklb _fm lZd`_ g_ o\ZlZ_l Zdlb\ghklb GZlZedb\Zykv gZ dZdh_ eb[h khijhlb\e_gb_ hg hlklmiZ_l B \ wlhf kemqZ_ \bghc a^_kv _]h ^_ij_kkb\ghklv \_^v Ch]]_eb gbdh]^Z g_ [u\Z_l \_k_e jZkdh\Zg \k_]^Z hg ijh ba\h^bl \i_qZle_gb_ g_^h\hevgh]h [_ajZ^hklgh]h [jxa]b Ebrv lZf ]^_ _fm g_q_]h hiZkZlvky hlihjZ iZjZghbq_kdb_ q_jlu ijhju\Zxlky gZjm`m Kh k\h_c `_ghc gZijbf_j hg ihklhyggh kkhjblky hkuiZy __ ]jm[hc [jZgvx

=bi_jlbfbq_kdb_ ebqghklb

<ur_ j_qv reZ h lhf qlh Lheklhc \ ©:gg_ DZj_gbghcª hibku\Z_l ^\mo ij_^klZ\bl_e_c \ukr_]h i_l_j[mj]kdh]h k\_lZ y\eyxsboky ]bihfZgbZdZevgufb ebqghklyfb < hkh[_gghklb wlh dZkZ_lky <Zk_gvdb <_k_eh\kdh]h >hklh_\kdbc \ ©;jZlvyo DZjZfZah\uoª bah[jZ`Z_l DZl_jbgm Hkbih\gm OhoeZdh\m dZd lbibqgh ]bi_jlbfbq_kdmx b ^Z`_ fh`gh kdZaZlv ]bihfZgbZdZevgmx ebqghklv Wlh \_k_eZy ^_eh\blZy b qj_a\uqZcgh fgh]hkeh\gZy `_gsbgZ Ihke_^g__ dZq_kl\h bah[jZ`Z_lky ibkZl_e_f hq_gv dhehjblgh :e_rm ijbr_^r_]h d __ ^hq_jb ]hkih`Z OhoeZdh\Z ijb]eZrZ_l d k_[_ ©gZ h^gm lhevdh fbgmldmª gh ihlhd __ Z[kmj^ghc g_kdhgqZ_fhc [helh\gb g_ ^Z_l ]hklx \hafh`ghklb \uj\Zlvky l k²

²<_dZ \_dZ p_eu_ \_dZ g_ \b^ZeZ \Zk P_emx g_^_ex ihfbemcl_ Zo \ijhq_f \u [ueb \k_]h q_luj_ ^gy gZaZ^ \ kj_^m <u d /LVH y m\_j_gZ qlh \u ohl_eb ijhclb d g_c ijyfh gZ puihqdZo qlh[ y g_ keuoZeZ Fbeuc fbeuc :e_dk_c N_^hjh\bq _keb [u agZeb dZd hgZ f_gy [_kihdhbl Gh wlh ihlhf Wlh ohlv b kZfh_ ]eZ\gh_ gh wlh ihlhf Fbeuc :e_dk_c N_^hjh\bq y \Zf ^h\_jyx fhx Ebam \iheg_ Ihke_ kf_jlb klZjpZ Ahkbfu²mihdhc ]hkih^b _]h ^mrm hgZ i_j_dj_klbeZkv²ihke_ g_]h y kfhljx gZ \Zk dZd gZ kobfgbdZ ohly \u b ij_fbeh ghkbl_ \Zr gh\uc dhklxf =^_ wlh \u ^hklZeb a^_kv lZdh]h ihjlgh]h"Gh g_l g_l wlh g_ ]eZ\gh_ wlh ihlhf Ijhklbl_ qlh y \Zk gZau\Zx bgh]^Z :e_r_c y klZjmoZ fg_ \k_ iha\he_gh ² dhd_leb\h meu[gmeZkv hgZ ² gh wlh lh`_ ihlhf =eZ\gh_ fg_ [u g_ aZ[ulv ijh ]eZ\gh_ Ih`ZemcklZ gZihfgbl_ fg_ kZfb qmlv y aZ]h\hjxkv Z \u kdZ`bl_ ©: ]eZ\gh_"ª :o ihq_fm y agZx qlh l_i_jv ]eZ\gh_ K l_o ihj dZd/LVH\ayeZ m \Zk gZaZ^ k\h_ h[_sZgb_²k\h_ ^_lkdh_ h[_sZgb_ :e_dk_c N_^hjh\bq ² \uclb aZ \Zk aZfm` lh \u dhg_qgh ihgyeb qlh \k_ wlh [ueZ ebrv ^_lkdZy b]jb\Zy nZglZaby [hevghc ^_\hqdb ^he]h ijhkb^_\r_c \ dj_keZo ² keZ\Z [h]m hgZ l_i_jv m`_ oh^bl Wlhl gh\uc ^hdlhj dhlhjh]h DZly \uibkZeZ ba Fhkd\u ^ey wlh]h g_kqZklgh]h \Zr_]h [jZlZ dhlhjh]h aZ\ljZ Gm qlh h[ aZ\ljZrg_f Y mfbjZx hl h^ghc fukeb h[ aZ\ljZrg_f =eZ\gh_ `_ hl ex[hiulkl\Z H^gbf keh\hf wlhl ^hdlhj \q_jZ [ue m gZk b \b^_e /LVH Y _fm iylv^_kyl jm[e_c aZ \babl aZieZlbeZ Gh wlh g_ lh hiylv g_ lh <b^bl_ y m` kh\k_f l_i_jv k[beZkv Y lhjhiexkv Ihq_fm y lhjhiexkv"Y g_ agZx >ey f_gy \k_ kf_rZehkv \ dZdhc lh dhfhd

< lZdhf ^mo_ jZa]h\hj ijh^he`Z_lky _s_ ^he]h <j_fy hl \j_f_gb DZl_jbgZ Hkbih\gZ i_j_[b\Z_l k_[y aZf_qZy qlh hgZ k[b\Z_lky gZ gbdhfm g_ bgl_j_kgu_ \lhjhkl_i_ggu_ ^_lZeb ©Lhevdh :e_rZ m`Zk y qlh ]h\hjx Z \h\k_ g_ ]h\hjx h[ q_f gZ^h":o kZfh ]h\hjblkyªIh^ dhg_p hgZ m` b g_ agZ_l \h\k_ aZq_f ihijhkbeZ d k_[_ :e_rm©Y klhevdh ohqm kdZaZlv \Zf y ^ey wlh]h b ihijhkbeZ \Zk gh dZ`_lky lZd gbq_]h b g_ kdZ`mª LZd ]hkih`Z OhoeZdh\Z aZ^_j`b\Z_l m k_[y :e_rm qZkZ gZ ^\Z < ^jm]hc jZa hgZ lhqgh lZd `_ g_ hlimkdZ_l I_johlbgZ Ohly lhl hlqZyggh ki_rbl²\ k\yab k ^_ehf h[ m[bckl\_ N_^hjZ IZ\eh\bqZ²hg \ugm`^_g \ukemrZlv fgh]h q_imob ij_`^_ q_f _fm m^Z_lky \uj\Zlvky >Z`_ dh]^Z hg ihdb^Z_l ]hklbgmx OhoeZdh\hc \ke_^ _fm g_kmlky \ha]eZku ohaycdb OhoeZdh\Z g_ lhevdh jZa]h\hjqb\Z wlh hkh[Z \hh[s_ qj_a\uqZcgh `b\Zy b wg_j]bqgZy Dh]^Z k \bablhf d g_c ijboh^bl Fbly DZjZfZah\ hgZ [md\Zevgh \ju\Z_lky \ ]hklbgmx djbqZ qlh aZ`^ZeZkv _]h H[jZa OhoeZdh\hc m >hklh_\kdh]h oZjZdl_jbam_lky ij_`^_ \k_]h kdZqdhh[jZagufb hldehg_gbyfb \ fukeyo b \ j_qb lbibqgufb ^ey ]bihfZgbZdZevguo ebqghkl_c H^gZdh m OhoeZdh\hc d wlhfm ijbkh_^bgyxlky `b\hklv b \_k_euc gjZ\ L_fi_jZf_glm __ \iheg_ khhl\_lkl\mxl nZglZklbq_kdb_ aZl_b GZijbf_j OhoeZdh\Z ghkblky k fukevx ihkeZlv >fbljby DZjZfZah\Z gZ©ahehlu_ ijbbkdb \ Kb[bjbª k l_f qlh[u hg lZf jZa[h]Zl_e b gZqZe gh\mx `bagv Lbibqgh ]bihfZgbZdZevghc ebqghklvx y\ey_lky b r_dkibjh\kdbc NZevklZn ba ©<bg^ahjkdbo gZkf_rgbpª Hg \_k_e ih\_joghkl_g ^_eh\bl [heleb\ kdehg_g d rmldZf bah[j_lZl_e_g Iehlguc b ]jmaguc lheklyd NZevklZn ^Z`_ \g_rg_ hebp_l\hjy_l ijb\_j`_gghklv ]bihfZgbZdh\ d qj_\hm]h^bx b d bguf jZ^hklyf `bagb NZevklZn g_ kebrdhf aZ[hlblky h kh[ex^_gbb fhjZevguo ghjf hlghkykv d gbf ih\_joghklgh ?fm ^h aZj_am gm`gu ^_gv]b b hg gZqbgZ_l aZb]ju\Zlv k ^\mfy `_gsbgZfb m dhlhjuo [h]Zlu_ fm`vy k

NZevklZn Y gZibkZe fbkkbk Nhj^ \hl wlh ibkvfh : ^jm]h_ lZdh_ `_ ibkvfh gZibkZe `_g_ fbkl_jZ I_c^`Z dhlhjZy lZd`_ kljhbl fg_ ]eZadb ?s_ k_]h^gy hgZ ijbklZevgh bamqZeZ dZ`^mx ih^jh[ghklv fh_c nb]mju Emqb __ kbyxsbo ]eZa lh kdhevabeb ih fh_c fh]mq_c gh]_ lh ahehlbeb fh_ kbyxs__ [jxoh

NZevklZn Y [m^m bo dZagZq__f Z hgb fhbfb dZagZq_ckl\Zfb H^gZ [m^_l ^ey f_gy Hkl Bg^b_c ^jm]Zy²<_kl Bg^b_c b k h[_bfb y aZ\_^m \u ]h^gu_ ^_eZ KlmiZc Gbf hlg_kb wlh ibkvfh fbkkbk I_c^` : lu Ibklhev hlg_kb wlh ibkvfh fbkkbk Nhj^ Fu _s_ ih`b\_f j_[ylZ fu _s_ ih`b\_f

Ijhklhlu jZ^b hg ihkueZ_l h[_bf ^ZfZf kh\_jr_ggh b^_glbqgu_ ibkvfZ k

Fbkkbk I_c^` Keh\h \ keh\h [md\Z \ [md\m Lhevdh \ h^ghf ibkv f_ kdZaZgh©ij_djZkgZy fbkkbk I_c^`ªZ \ ^jm]hf² ©ij_e_klgZy fbkkbk Nhj^ª<hl b \ky jZagbpZ Gh qlh[u \Zk g_ hq_gv h]hjqZeZ wlZ h[b^gZy b aZ]Z^hqgZy bklhjby iha\hevl_ \Zf ihdZaZlv dh_ qlh Wlh ² [ebag_p \Zr_]h ibkvfZ Gh fu ^Z^bf oh^ \Zr_fm Z fh_ hklZg_lky ijb fg_

Dh]^Z `_gsbgu ih^]hlh\beb m`_ \k_ qlh[u ^he`guf h[jZahf gZdZaZlv NZevklZnZ NZevklZn \k_ _s_ ih^kf_b\Z_lky gZ^ j_\gb\uf kmijm]hf dhlhjh]h kqblZ_l h[fZgmluf k

NZevklZn : gm _]h dh \k_f ^vy\heZf wlh]h `Zedh]h [_^gh]h jh]hghkpZ Y k gbf g_agZdhf <ijhq_f y hrb[ky gZa\Z\ _]h [_^guf m wlh]h j_\gb\h]h jh]Zlh]h ih^e_pZ ]h\hjyl mcfZ ^_g_] Ihlhfm lh _]h `_gZ fg_ lZd b ihgjZ\beZkv Hg [m^_l l_f dexqhf dhlhjuc hldjh_l i_j_^h fghc kmg^md wlh]h ih^eh]h j_\gb\pZ Ih\_jvl_ fbkl_j ;jmd f_gy `^_l [h]ZlZy `Zl\Z

Ohly \kdhj_ gZ^ NZevklZnhf aeh ihkf_yebkv h^gZdh hg g_ l_jy_l qm\kl\Z xfhjZ Dhg_qgh hg jZa]g_\Zg gh mfm^jy_lky bjhgbabjh\Zlv gZ^ kZfbf kh[hc k²

NZevklZn G_m`_eb y ^h`be ^h wlbo e_l lhevdh ^ey lh]h qlh[u f_gy ih]jmabeb \ dhjabgm dZd hl[jhku ba fykghc eZ\db b \u\Zebeb \ L_fam" Gm ohjhrh `_ ?keb y iha\hex _s_ jZa ku]jZlv gZ^ kh[hx lZdmx rmldm imklv \u[vxl ba fh_c ]heh\u fha]b ih^`Zjyl gZ fZke_ b kdhjfyl kh[ZdZf ih^ Gh\uc ]h^ Wlb fhr_ggbdb [_ah \kydhc `Zehklb [jhkbeb f_gy \ j_dm lhqgh h^gh]h ba iylgZ^pZlb ke_iuo s_gyl dhlhjuo ijbg_keZ kmdZ : \_^v y ih]jm`Zxkv \ \h^m dZd wlh b iheZ]Z_lky fg_ ih fh_fm \_km k g_h[udgh\_g ghc [ukljhlhc >Z`_ _keb [u ^gh [ueh ]em[hdh dZd ij_bkih^gyy y [u b lh kjZam [u lZf hqmlbeky Gh d kqZklvx j_dZ \ wlhf f_kl_ f_edZ b [_j_]Z iheh]b : lh [u y g_ij_f_ggh ihlhgme Ijhlb\gZy kf_jlv hl \h^u q_eh\_d jZa[moZ_l Z q_f [u y klZe _keb [u _s_ jZa[mo F_gy [u jZa^meh ]hjhc

Dh]^Z NZevklZn gZdhg_p g_fgh]h ijboh^bl \ k_[y gZ g_]h h[jmrb\Z_lky \lhjhc m^Zj Hg \ugm`^_g i_j_h^_lvky \ `_gkdh_ ieZlv_ qlh[u g_ [ulv magZgguf h^gbf ba kmijm]h\ gh g_ kfhljy gZ wlh _]h `_klhdh ba[b\Zxl B kgh\Z d _]h ]g_\m ijbf_rb\Zxlky rmleb\u_ ghldb gZ wlhl jZa hg ^Z`_ [hevr_ ^h\he_g kh[hc k

NZevklZn Qlh lu lZf lhedm_rv h kbgydZo Ihkfhlj_eZ [u dZd jZkibkZeb f_gy²k gh] ^h ]heh\u ² \h \k_ p\_lZ jZ^m]b >Z fZeh lh]h Qmlv g_ h[\bgbeb f_gy \ lhf qlh y ² [j_gnhj^kdZy \_^vfZ ?keb [u y g_ [ue lZd mf_g b gZoh^qb\ b g_ kmf_e [u ku]jZlv jhev q_klghc g_\bgghc klZjmob y [u m`_ kb^_e \ dheh^dZo²\ h[udgh\_gguo lxj_fguo dheh^dZo dZd gZklhysZy \_^vfZ

NZevklZn [heleb\ g_ f_g__ q_f OhoeZdh\Z h^gZdh fukeb _]h f_g__ kdZqdhh[jZagu A^_kv mf_klgh hlf_lblv qlh `_gsbgu ih`Zemc [he__ kdehggu d kdZqdhh[jZaghfm oh^m fuke_c q_f fm`qbgu JZaebqb_ f_`^m fm`qbghc b `_gsbghc kdZau\Z_lky b \ lhf qlh \ wjhlbq_kdbo \hijhkZo fm`qbgu y\gh e_]dh\_kg__ `_gsbg ijbf_jhf q_]h fh`_l lZd`_ kem`blv NZevklZn <ijhq_f b OhoeZdh\Z ij_^klZ\ey_lky g_ lZdhc m` \ukhdhgjZ\kl\_gghc hkh[hc dZd wlh ke_^h\Zeh [u h`b^Zlv hl \^h\u b fZl_jb \ajhkehc ^hq_jb G_dZy ]Za_lZ khh[sZ_l h g_c ^Z`_ qlh ©h^gZ ^ZfZ ba ©kdmqZxsbo \^h\bpª fheh^ysZyky ohly m`_ bf_xsZy \ajhkemx ^hqv ^h lh]h bf l _ h[\bgy_fuf Fbl_c ij_evklbeZkv qlh \k_]h lhevdh aZ qZkZ ^h ij_klmie_gby ij_^eZ]ZeZ _fm ljb lukyqb jm[e_c ebrv [u hg lhlqZk `_ [_`Ze k g_x gZ ahehlu_ ijbbkdbª<k_ `_ hkh[h_ e_]dhfukeb_ NZevklZnZ h[tykgy_lky g_ klhevdh _]h ihehf kdhevdh _s_ [he__ \_k_euf q_f m OhoeZdh\hc gjZ\hf b g_baf_ggh ohjhrbf gZkljh_gb_f dhlhjh_ gbq_f g_\hafh`gh hfjZqblv NZevklZn y\ey_lky ]bihfZgbZdZevghc ebqghklvx \ ieZg_ gZkljh_gby Z ]hkih`Z OhoeZdh\Z²ih oZjZdl_jm fure_gby LZdbf h[jZahf hl^_evgu_ q_jlu l_fi_jZf_glZ m jZaguo ex^_c qZklh hdZau\Zxlky \ujZ`_ggufb g_ \ h^bgZdh\hc f_j_ FZevqbdZ k ]bihfZgbZdZevguf l_fi_jZf_glhf jbkm_l <bdlhj =x]h \ k\h_f jhfZg_ ©Hl\_j`_ggu_ª Wlh =Z\jhr iZj_g_d ² e_l lbibqguc iZjb`kdbc mebqguc fZevqbrdZ Ohly =Z\jhr \u]ey^bl [he_ag_gguf j_[_gdhf hg \_kvfZ rmleb\ \k_]^Z gZ gh]Zo ih_l b]jZ_l hg g_ ijhqv ijb kemqZ_ klygmlv qlh gb[m^v gh g_aeh[b\ dZd dhrdZ beb \hjh[_c M =Z\jhrZ g_l gb ^hfZ gb oe_[Z gb l_ieZ gb ex[\b b \k_ `_ \_k_ev_ lZd b [jua`_l ba g_]h ihlhfm qlh hg²k\h[h^_g < jhfZg_ fZevqbd \k_]^Z h`b\e_g kdehg_g d rmldZf b d rZehklyf hkljhmf_g gZoh^qb\ b g_baf_ggh `bag_jZ^hkl_g ² ^Z`_ \ fbgmlu [hevrhc hiZkghklb jZki_\Z_l i_kgb Ih\_^_gb_ =Z\jhrZ oZjZdl_jgh²\ g_kdhevdh jZa[Z\e_gghf \b^_²^ey lh]h qlh fh`gh [ueh [u gZa\Zlv ©\_k_ehc [_ki_qghcª fZgb_c Hg gbdh]^Z g_ jZa^jZ`Z_lky b ^Z`_ lh]^Z dh]^Z ih^kf_b\Z_lky gZ^ \ajhkeufb ex^vfb hg g_aeh[b\ ;he__ lh]h hg \k_]^Z ]hlh\ ^hklZ\blv jZ^hklv ^jm]bf G_khfg_ggh hdjm`_gb_ \ dhlhjhf ijhoh^bl `bagv =Z\jhrZ khh[sZ_l _]h ]bihfZgbZdZevghfm l_fi_jZf_glm hkh[mx hdjZkdm <ugm`^_gguc ihklhyggh [hjhlvky k gm`^hc hg klZgh\blky

gZoZevguf G_kihdhcgZy `bagv [_a^hfgh]h ih^jhkldZ fgh]hfm gZmqbeZ _]h fZevqbd g_ ih e_lZf jZa\bl hiul_g ]h\hjbl dZd \ajhkeuc fh`_l g_j_^dh ^Zlv ohjhrbc kh\_l b \ajhkehfm

=bi_jlbfbq_kdb ^_fhgkljZlb\gu_ ebqghklb

K NZevklZnhf fu \klj_qZ_fky \ g_kdhevdbo ^jZfZo R_dkibjZ gh hg g_ \h \k_o wlbo ^jZfZo h^bgZdh\ < c qZklb ©=_gjboZ ,9ª hg \h fgh]hf gZihfbgZ_l NZevklZnZ ba ©<bg^ahjkdbo gZkf_rgbpªgh d wlhfm ^h[Z\ey_lky _s_ h^gh dZq_kl\h ebqgh klb dhlhjh_ \ m`_ ZgZebabjh\Zgghc iv_k_ ebrv gZf_qZehkv Fu bf__f \ \b^m kdehgghklv d h[fZgm b fhr_ggbq_kl\m A^_kv NZevklZn \ iheghc f_j_ ^_fhgkljbjm_l gZf k\hckl\_ggh_ bk l_jbdZf bkdmkkl\h ijbl\hjylvky D bkl_jbq_kdbf q_jlZf fh`gh hlg_klb b _]h qj_af_jgh_ kZfh\hko\Ze_gb_ b mf_gb_ k ihfhsvx obljhkl_c mclb hl m]jh`Zxs_c hiZkghklb LZdbf iml_f ]bihfZgbZd ij_\jZsZ_lky \ ljmkeb\h]h o\ZklmgZ H^gZ`^u ijbgp =_gjbo ih^kljZb\Z_l _fm eh\mrdm Hg ih a\hey_l NZevklZnm k ^jmavyfb gZiZklv gZ ]jmiim fbjguo iml_r_kl\_ggbdh\ b h]jZ[blv bo AZl_f =_gjbo kh k\hbfb ijb [eb`_ggufb i_j_h^_\rbkv b aZfZkdbjh\Z\rbkv hlgbfZxl m NZevklZnZ ^h[uqm Z NZevklZn kiZkZ_lky [_]kl\hf Ijb h[km`^_gbb wlh]h kemqZy NZevklZn aZy\ey_l qlh _]h b ^jma_c kehfb eb ij_\hkoh^ysb_ kbeu ijhlb\gbdZ bo [ueh ^h khlgb q_eh\_d©ijhlb\ gZr_c `Zedhc q_l\_jdbª>Ze__ NZevklZn \hkdebpZ_l q , H

NZevklZn ;m^v y ih^e_p _keb y g_ kjZ`Zeky ^h[juo ^\Z qZkZ ghkhf d ghkm k p_ehc ^x`bghc ]jZ[bl_e_c Y kiZkky qm^hf DmjldZ m f_gy ijhdhehlZ \ \hkvfb f_klZo rlZgu ² \ q_luj_o sbl fhc ijh[bl f_q baam[j_g dZd jmqgZy ibeZ ² _kk_ VLJQXP >\hl agZd eZl ² ijbf_q i_j_\h^qbdZ`Gbdh]^Z y g_ ^jZeky lZd yjhklgh k l_o ihj dZd klZe fm`qbghc gh qlh y fh] ih ^_eZlv" QmfZ gZ \k_o ljmkh\ Imklv \hl hgb \Zf jZkkdZ`ml b _keb hgb qlh gb[m^v ijb[Z\yl beb m[Z\yl lh ihke_ wlh]h hgb f_jaZ\pu b bkqZ^by lvfu

Ihke_ jy^Z ^jm]bo g_[uebp NZevklZn magZ_l hl ijbgpZ qlh gZiZ^Zxsbfb [ueb gbdlh bghc dZd kZf ijbgp =_gjbo \f_k l_ k khijh\h`^Zxsbf _]h Ihcgkhf H^gZdh NZevklZnZ wlh jZ ah[eZq_gb_ gbkdhevdh g_ kfmsZ_l K gZoh^qb\hklvx ^hklhcghc ]bihfZgbZdZ b bkl_jbdZ \ h^ghf ebp_ NZevklZn eh\dh \udjmqb\Z_lky h[ty\eyy qlh \k_ _]h \jZdb [ueb ebrv rmldhc qlh kf_rgh ijbgbfZlv bo \k_jv_a IZnhk qm\kl\mxsbcky \ _]h keh\Zo lZd`_ k\b^_l_evkl\m_l h[ bkl_jbq_kdhf oZjZdl_j_ wlbo \ukdZau\Zgbc q k

NZevklZn Deygmkv [h]hf y kjZam l_[y jZkihagZe dZd magZe [u jh^ghc hl_p Gh ihkemrZcl_ ]hkih^Z dZd fh] y ihky]gmlv gZ `bagv gZke_^gbdZ ij_klheZ" JZa\_ m f_gy ih^gyeZkv [u jmdZ gZ ijbgpZ djh\b"Lu \_^v agZ_rv qlh y ojZ[j dZd =_jdme_k gh \kihfgb ijh bgklbgdl e_\ b lhl g_ ljhg_l ijbgpZ djh\b Bgklbgdl²\_ebdh_ ^_eh b y bgklbgdlb\gh klZe ljmkhf Hlgug_ y \kx `bagv [m^m \ukhdh]h fg_gby h k_[_ ^Z b h l_[_ lh`_ y ihdZaZe k_[y ev\hf Z lu ihdZaZe k_[y qbklhdjh\guf ijbgp_f

Bah[jZ`Zy ^ey m\_k_e_gby k\hbo ^jma_c dhjhey dhlhjuc ij_^eZ]Z_l k\h_fm kugm h[tykgblv ijbqbgu _]h klhev g_ih^h[Zxs_]h ih\_^_gby NZevklZn b kx^Z mfm^jy_lky \ie_klb g_kdhevdh keh\ ^ey \hko\Ze_gby k\h_c kh[kl\_gghc i_jkhgu q k

NZevklZn Gh \k_ `_ hdheh l_[y kug fhc _klv h^bg ^hklhcguc q_eh\_d y qZklh \b^_e _]h k lh[hc gh lhevdh ihaZ[ue dZd _]h ah\ml Ijbgp =_gjbo G_ kh[eZ]h\hebl_ eb \u \Zr_ \_ebq_kl\h kdZaZlv dZdh\ hg ba k_[y" NZevklZn KbfiZlbqguc ij_^klZ\bl_evguc fm`qbgZ m\_jyx l_[y ohly b g_kdhevdh ^hjh^guc \a]ey^ m g_]h \_k_euc ]eZaZ ijbylgu_ b \_kvfZ

[eZ]hjh^gZy hkZgdZ GZ \b^ _fm e_l iylv^_kyl beb \_jg__ m`_ ih^ r_klv^_kyl L_i_jv y ijbihfbgZx ² _]h ah\ml NZevklZn ?keb wlh q_eh\_d jZkimlgh]h ih\_^_gby agZqbl _]h gZjm`ghklv h[fZgqb\Z b[h \ ]eZaZo m g_]h =Zjjb \b^gZ ^h[jh^_l_ev ?keb ^_j_\h magZxl ih ieh^Zf Z ieh^u ² ih ^_j_\m lh y j_rbl_evgh aZy\eyx NZevklZn gZiheg_g ^h[jh^_l_eb HklZ\v _]h ijb k_[_ Z hklZevguo ijh]hgb L_i_jv kdZ`b fg_ [_a^_evgbd kdZ`b ]^_ lu ijhiZ^Ze \_kv wlhl f_kyp"

Dh]^Z \ihke_^kl\bb NZevklZnm ijboh^blky ijbgylv mqZklb_ \ \hcg_ hg ijb i_j\hf `_ klhedgh\_gbb k \kZ^gbdhf ba \jZ`_kdh]h \hckdZ iZ^Z_l b ijbl\hjy_lky f_jl\uf Gh lhevdh hg ©ijbr_e \ k_[yª dZd \ g_f kgh\Z aZ]h\hjbe \_k_euc ]bihfZgbZd Z lZd`_ b `mebdh\Zluc bkl_jbd q k

NZevklZn ?keb f_gy k_]h^gy \uihljhrZl lh aZ\ljZ y jZaj_rZx ihkheblv f_gy b kt_klv Q_jl ih^_jb \h\j_fy y ijbdbgmeky f_jl\uf bgZq_ wlhl g_bklh\uc rhleZg^_p fb]hf \urb[ [u ba f_gy ^mo Ijbl\hjbeky" Gm wlh y kh\jZe b g_ ^mfZe y ijbl\hjylvky Mf_j_lv ² \hl wlh agZqbl ijbl\hjblvky ihlhfm qlh lhl \ dhf g_l `bagb ² ebrv ih^h[b_ q_eh\_dZ Gh ijbl\hjblvky f_jl\uf \ lh \j_fy dZd lu `b\ agZqbl \h\k_ ^Z`_ b g_ ijbl\hjylvky Z [ulv ih^ebgguf \hiehs_gb_f `bagb =eZ\gh_ ^hklhbgkl\h ojZ[jhklb ² [eZ]hjZamfb_ b bf_ggh hgh kiZkeh fg_ `bagv

<h c qZklb iv_ku ©=_gjbo ,9ª NZevklZn \ p_ehf hklZ_lky l_f `_ gh wlbq_kdb b khpbZevgh hg \k_ [hevr_ ^_]jZ^bjm_l K_[y kZfh]h hg ij_^klZ\ey_l ke_^mxsbfb keh\Zfb k

²

² Y dmibe _]h kem]m ;Zj^hevnZ \ kh[hj_ k\ylh]h IZ\eZ Z hg dmibe fg_ dhgy \ Kfblnbe^_ ?keb y _s_ ^h[m^m `_gm \ im[ebqghf ^hf_ m f_gy [m^_l keZ\guc kem]Z keZ\guc dhgv b keZ\gZy `_gZ

<ke_^ aZ wlbf hg h[jZsZ_lky d \_joh\ghfm km^v_ dhlhjuc ohq_l Zj_klh\Zlv _]h aZ g_mieZlm ^he]h\ q k²

NZevklZn Y [_^_g dZd Bh\ fbehj^ gh g_ lZd l_ji_eb\ dZd hg <ZrZ fbehklv fh`_l \\b^m fh_c [_^ghklb ijhibkZlv fg_ ihjpbx lxj_fgh]h aZdexq_gby gh o\Zlbl eb m f_gy l_ji_gby \uihegblv \Zrb ij_^ibkZgby ² \ wlhf fm^j_p fh`_l mkhfgblvky g_ gZ ]jhr Z gZ ^h[juc q_j\hg_p

Hg \_qgh kkhjblky kh k\h_c ohaycdhc k dhlhjhc gZoh^blky \ bglbfghc k\yab JZaebqgufb h[_sZgbyfb hg ihkl_i_ggh \ufZgb\Z_l m g__©\ ^he]ª\k_ __ khklhygb_²^_gv]b bfms_kl\h <_kvfZ f_ldh oZjZdl_jbam_l NZevklZnZ \_joh\guc km^vy q k

<_joh\guc km^vy Kwj >`hg kwj >`hg y hlebqgh agZx \Zrm kihkh[ghklv ba\jZsZlv bklbgm Gb \Zr kZfhm\_j_gguc \b^ gb ihlhd keh\ dhlhjuc \u ba\_j]Z_l_ k gZ]euf [_kklu^kl\hf g_ aZklZ\yl f_gy hlklmiblv hl kijZ\_^eb\hklb <u dZd fg_ ij_^klZ\ey_lky aehmihlj_[beb ^h\_jb_f wlhc ih^Zleb\hc `_gsbgu aZklZ\b\ __ kem`blv \Zf b dhr_evdhf b kh[kl\_gghc hkh[hc

JZkkfZljb\Zy ]bihfZgbZdZevgh bkl_jbq_kdb_ q_jlu NZevklZnZ fh`gh \kihfgblv ^jm]hc h[jZa om^h`_kl\_gghc ebl_jZlmju \g_rg_ dZd [m^lh g_ bf_xsbc gbq_]h h[s_]h k NZevklZnhf gh ih kZfhc kljmdlmj_ ebqghklb h[eZ^Zxsbc g_khfg_gguf koh^kl\hf k gbf Y bf_x \ \b^m ExpbZgm ^hqv RZjehllu ba jhfZgZ =_l_©Ba[bjZl_evgh_ kjh^kl\hª< jZa\_jlu\Zgbb nZ[meu ExpbZgZ kms_kl\_gghc jheb g_ b]jZ_l Z\lhj fh] [u [_a hkh[uo ihl_jv bkdexqblv wlhl