Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
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Plural |
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христиàíèí |
христиàíå - Christians |
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мусульмàíèí |
мусульмàíå -Muslims |
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россиÿíèí |
россиÿíå - citizens of Russia |
Nouns. |
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англичàíèí |
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англичàíå - English |
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äàò÷àíèí |
äàò÷àíå - Danes |
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крестьÿíèí |
крестьÿíå -peasants |
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Russian |
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граждàíèí |
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граждàíå - citizens |
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àðìÿíèí |
àðìÿíå - Armenians |
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öûãàí |
öûãàíå - Gypsies |
etc. |
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êîò¸íîê |
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êîòÿòà - kittens |
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Agreement |
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öûïë¸íîê |
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öûïëÿòà - chiñken |
etc. |
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PLURAL-ONLY NOUNS |
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Some nouns do not have the Singular form. They exist only in the Plural |
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form (registered in the dictionaries in the Plural form). These words denote: |
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objects which consist of two parts: |
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î÷êè - glasses, ножницû - scissors, âåñû - scales, качелè - |
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swings, воротà - gate, áðþêè - trousers, джинсû - jeans, òðóñû |
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- pants, колготкè - tights etc. |
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The |
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collective actions: |
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каникулû - school or university vacation, переговорû - |
Nouns. |
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negotiations, выборû - elections, гастролè - tour (of artists), |
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похоронû - funeral, проводû - farewell party, пряткè - hide and |
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seak, ðîäû - childbirth etc. |
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of |
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also the following words: |
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Plural |
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деньгè - money, шахматû - chess, ÷àñû - clock, watch, курантû |
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- chimes, òèòðû - subtitles, êóäðè - curls, ñàíêè - sledge, опилкè |
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- saw-dust, îáîè - wallpaper, äðîâà - firewood, мемуарû - |
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The |
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memoirs, ñ÷¸òû - abacus, аплодисментû - applause etc. |
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Part 2 |
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page 16 |
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A Basic Modern Russian Grammar |
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Nekrasova |
äóõè - perfume, ùè - cabbage-soup, макаронû - spaghetti, |
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консервû - preserves, сливкè - cream etc. |
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ñóòêè - 24 hours period, сумеркè - dusk, заморозкè - early frost |
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Eugenia |
Some place names |
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some mountains: |
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Карпатû, Àëüïû, Гималаè, Àíäû etc. |
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some islands: |
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Курилû, Гавайè, Канарû, Бермудû, Фарерû etc. |
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some countries: |
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Филиппинû, Нидерландû, Соедин¸нные Штатû Америки |
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also |
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тропикè - tropics, джунглè - jungle |
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Лужникè, Сокольникè, and lot of other geographic names mainly |
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denoting villages and towns on the territory of the former Soviet Union. |
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PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL |
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All the plural nouns can be replaced by the personal pronoun îíè |
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îíè |
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they |
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Ýòî мои книги. These are my books.
Îíè на полке.
They are on the shelf.
E.g. Ýòî мои друзья.
These are my friends.
Îíè сейчас живут в Лондоне. They live in London now.
Part 2 |
page 17 |
The Plural of Nouns. The Number Agreement of Russian Nouns.
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNS AND CHARACTERIZING WORDS IN THE PLURAL
The Plural of Adjectives
Characterizing words also have the Plural form. All three Singular forms - Masculine, Feminine and Neuter fall into one Plural form:
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Plural
ûé, îé group, for example:
Singular
M. íîâûé äîì - new house
F.íîâàÿ машина - new car
N.íîâîå слово - new word
Plural
íîâûå äîìà - new houses íîâûå машины - new cars новûå слова - new words
Singular |
Plural |
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M. |
золотîé браслет - golden bracelet |
золотûå медали |
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золотàÿ медаль - gold medal |
- gold medals |
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золотîå кольцо - golden ring |
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Summing - up table |
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M. |
F. N. Plural |
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-ûé - àÿ - îå - ûå |
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-îé - àÿ - îå - ûå |
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íèé group, for example:
M. последíèé óðîê - last lesson
F. последíÿÿ страница - last page
N. последíåå слово - last word
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Plural |
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последíèå уроки - last lessons |
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Summing - up table |
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последíèå страницы - last pages |
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F. |
N. |
Plural |
последíèå слова - last words |
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-íèé -íÿÿ -íåå |
-íèå |
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Part 2 |
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page 18 |
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The Plural of Nouns. The Number Agreement of Russian Nouns.
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A Basic Modern Russian Grammar |
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Nekrasova |
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MIXED PLURAL ADJECTIVAL ENDINGS |
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A big group of commonly used adjectives has the following peculiarities in |
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the Plural formation: |
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-ãèé, -êèé, -õèé, |
The adjectives with stems ending in ã, ê, õ |
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Eugenia |
-ãîé, -êîé, -õîé |
have -èå Plural ending |
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(both spelt and pronounced), for example: |
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group |
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strict |
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expensive, dear |
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M. |
ñòðîãèé |
Plural |
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M. |
äîðîãîé |
Plural |
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F. |
ñòðîãàÿ |
ñòðîãèå |
F. |
äîðîãàÿ |
äîðîãèå |
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N. |
ñòðîãîå |
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N. |
äîðîãîå |
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Russian |
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M. |
ðóññêèé |
Plural |
F. |
ðóññêàÿ |
ðóññêèå |
N. |
ðóññêîå |
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sity, urban |
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M. |
городсêîé |
Plural |
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F. |
городсêàÿ |
городсêèå |
quiet, calm |
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N. |
городсêîå |
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M. |
òèõèé |
Plural |
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F. |
òèõàÿ |
òèõèå |
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bad, poor |
N. |
òèõîå |
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M. |
ïëîõîé |
Plural |
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F. |
ïëîõàÿ |
ïëîõèå |
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N. |
ïëîõîå |
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Summing - up table |
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M. |
F. |
N. Pl. |
M. |
F. |
N. Pl. |
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ãèé - ãàÿ - ãîå - ãèå |
ãîé - ãàÿ - ãîå - ãèå |
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êèé - êàÿ - êîå - êèå |
êîé - êàÿ - êîå - êèå |
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õèé - õàÿ - õîå - õèå |
õîé - õàÿ - õîå - õèå |
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Part 2 |
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page 19 |
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The Plural of Nouns. The Number Agreement of Russian Nouns.
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
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-æèé, -øèé, -÷èé, |
The adjectives with stem in æ, ø, ÷, ù |
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-ùèé, -æîé, -øîé |
have their Plural form spelt with -èå, |
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group |
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but pronounced -ûå, e.g.: |
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Nouns. |
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F. |
ñâåæàÿ |
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ñâåæèå |
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fresh |
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M. |
ñâåæèå |
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Plural |
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big, large |
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N. |
ñâåæåå |
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M. |
áîëüøîé Plural |
Russian |
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alien |
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good, nice |
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F. áîëüøàÿ áîëüøèå |
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N. |
áîëüøîå |
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M. |
õîðîøèé |
Plural |
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M. |
÷óæîé |
Plural |
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of |
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÷óæàÿ |
÷óæèå |
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F. |
õîðîøàÿ |
õîðîøèå |
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Agreement |
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N. |
õîðîøåå |
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N. |
÷óæîå |
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hot |
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present, real, true, genuine |
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M. |
ãîðÿ÷èé |
Plural |
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M. |
настояùèé |
Plural |
Number |
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F. |
ãîðÿ÷àÿ |
ãîðÿ÷èå |
F. |
настояùàÿ |
настояùèå |
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N. |
ãîðÿ÷åå |
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N. |
настояùåå |
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Summing - up table |
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The |
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M. |
F. |
N. |
Pl. |
M. |
F. |
N. |
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Pl. |
Nouns. |
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æèé - æàÿ - æåå - æèå |
øîé - øàÿ - øîå - øèå |
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æîé - æàÿ - æîå - æèå |
÷èé - ÷àÿ - ÷åå - ÷èå |
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øèé - øàÿ - øåå - øèå |
ùèé - ùàÿ - ùåå - ùèå |
of |
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Memorize |
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Plural |
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Ñâåæèå ãîðÿ÷èå õîðîøèå áîëüøèå хрустяùèå булочкè - |
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fresh hot good big crunchy buns |
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The |
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Part 2 |
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page 20 |
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