- •To the Readers
- •Shortly About the Author
- •AGREEMENT BETWEEN WORDS IN RUSSIAN
- •HOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF A NOUN
- •THE GENDER OF SOFT SIGN NOUNS
- •REPLACING SINGULAR NOUNS BY PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •HOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF PLACE NAMES
- •FOREIGN INDECLINABLE NOUNS AND THEIR GENDER AGREEMENT
- •THE GENDER AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
- •THE GENDER OF NOUNS DENOTING PROFESSIONS IN RUSSIAN
- •SINGULAR - ONLY NOUNS
- •FORMATION OF PLURAL NOUNS
- •PLURAL-ONLY NOUNS
- •PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNS AND CHARACTERIZING WORDS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES
- •MIXED PLURAL ADJECTIVAL ENDINGS
- •THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE PLURAL OF OTHER CHARACTERIZING WORDS - all, the whole
- •GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE CASE SYSTEM
- •THE DECLENSION OF MASCULINE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE ACCUSATIVE OF MASCULINE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF NEUTER NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF FEMININE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •ADJECTIVAL TYPE OF DECLENSION IN RUSSIAN
- •THE DECLENSION OF MASCULINE AND NEUTER ADJECTIVES IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE FEMININE ADJECTIVES IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE GENITIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE ACCUSATIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE DATIVE, INSTRUMENTAL AND PREPOSITIONAL PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE HARD ENDING NOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE SOFT ENDING NOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE PLURAL ADJECTIVES AND ADJECTIVAL WORDS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN SURNAMES
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN ADJECTIVAL SURNAMES
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN PATRONIMICS
- •THE DECLENSION OF NON-RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
- •PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION AND THE USE OF THE INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
- •THE USE OF THE NOMINATIVE CASE
- •THE USE OF THE GENITIVE CASE
- •THE GENITIVE OF NEGATION / ABSENSE / EXCEPTION
- •THE GENITIVE OF POSSESSION
- •THE GENITIVE OF RELATION / DESCRIPTION
- •THE GENITIVE OF QUANTITY
- •THE GENITIVE OF TIME
- •THE GENITIVE OF PLACE
- •THE GENITIVE USED AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
- •THE GENITIVE OF COMPARISON
- •THE GENITIVE OF SPECIAL DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
- •THE USE OF THE ACCUSATIVE CASE
- •THE USE OF THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE
- •THE USE OF THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE
- •THE SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN VERB
- •THE INFINITIVE AS A BASE FOR THE VERB FORMS
- •THE USE OF THE INFINITIVE IN RUSSIAN
- •THE ASPECT
- •THE ASPECT IN THE TENSE SYSTEM
- •THE PRESENT TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •THE IRREGULAR 1-ST CONJUGATION
- •THE IRREGULAR 2-ND CONJUGATION
- •IRREGULAR VERBS NOT FOLLOWING ANY PATTERN
- •THE PAST TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •FIRST GROUP, REGULAR PAST TENSE FORMATION
- •THE FUTURE TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •THE IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS
- •MAIN TYPES OF PARTICIPLES
- •LONG PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
- •USAGE (MEANING) OF THE ASPECTS
- •SOME FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE THE CHOICE OF AN ASPECT
- •A PRACTICAL TABLE OF MOST COMMON VERBS
- •MAIN USE OF THE REFLEXIVES
- •MODAL VERBS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
- •POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
- •THE NEGATIVE OF THE POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTION
- •RUSSIAN WORD ORDER
- •GENERAL REMARKS
- •BASIC FORMS OF NON-PREFIXED PAIR-VERBS OF «GOING»
- •THE GRAMMATICAL USAGE OF NON-PREFIXED «GOING» VERBS
- •UNIDIRECTIONAL VERBS
- •SOME COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
- •THE TENSE FORMS AND THE GENERAL MEANING OF THE ASPECT PAIRS OF MOST COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
- •COMMON ADVERBS OF MEASURE AND GRADE
- •ADVERBS OF TIME
- •ADVERBS OF PLACE AND DIRECTION
- •THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADVERBS
- •THE COMPARATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE SHORT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE COMPOUND NEGATIVE
- •THE USE OF THE NEGATIVE PRONOUNS
- •THE USE OF THE NEGATIVE ADVERBS
- •THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS INVOLVING PEOPLE
- •THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE GENITIVE OF PERSON
- •SEMI-IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS
- •THE CARDINALS
- •«HALVES»
- •THE ORDINAL NUMERALS
- •THE USE OF THE ORDINALS
- •NOUNS BASED ON NUMERALS
- •THE DOUBLE NUMERALS
- •THE INDEFINITE NUMERALS
- •THE COLLECTIVE NUMERALS
- •PREPOSITIONS
- •ADVERSATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
- •DISJUNCTIVE CONJUNCTIONS
- •MOST COMMON SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
THE COMPOUND NEGATIVE
A lot of Russian negative sentences can have the following pattern:
«íå» verbs + «íè» words
This pattern is called the Compound Negative, for example: Russian: «íè» word «íå» verb
ß íè÷åãî |
íå çíàþ. |
English: «not» verb |
«any» word |
I do not know |
anything. |
or Russian: «íè» word |
«íå» verb |
Íèêòî |
íå ïðèø¸ë. |
English: «no» word |
verb |
Nobody |
came. |
«íè» words can be :
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Negative adverbs: |
Negative adjectival |
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and their case forms |
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pronouns: |
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based on êòî/÷òî: |
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N. никто/ничто |
никогда - never |
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никакой |
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G. íè ó êîãî/ничего |
нигде - nowhere |
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никакая |
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D. никому/ничему |
никуда - nowhere (direction) |
никакое |
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A. никого/ничего |
нисколько - not at all |
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никакие |
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I. никем/ничем |
никак - in no way |
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íè ñ êåì/ íè ñ ÷åì |
íè ðàçó - not once |
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P. íè î êîì/íè î ÷¸ì |
ниоткуда - from nowhere |
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íè â êîì/íè â ÷¸ì |
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Prepositions are inserted between íè and the pronoun, h |
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for example: |
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Notice! |
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никем ни ñ êåì |
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Part 11 |
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page 158 |
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Negative Sentences
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
The use of the Negative pronouns
никто and its case forms - no one, nobody, anybody
Nom. Никто íå ïðèø¸ë.
Nobody came.
Gen. Îí íè ó êîãî не спросил.
He did not ask anybody.
Dat. Îí никому ничего не сказал.
He did not tell anything to anybody.
Acc. ß никого òóò íå çíàþ.
I don`t know anybody here.
Instr. ß íè ñ êåì не говорил об этом.
I didn`t speak to anybody about that.
Prep. Îí íè â ÷¸ì не виноват.
He is not guilty in anything.
ничто and its case forms - nothing, anything
Nom. Åãî ничто не интересует.
Nothing interests him.
Gen. Ó ìåíÿ ничего íåò.
I don not have anything.
Dat. ß ничему íå âåðþ.
I don not believe anything.
Acc. ß ничего íå çíàþ.
I don not know anything.
Instr. Îí ничем не интересуется.
He is not interested in anything.
Prep. Îí íè â ÷¸ì не уверен.
He is not sure in anything.
Part 11 |
page 159 |
Negative Sentences
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
The use of the Negative adverbs
Îí никогда не был в Англии. |
Îíà нигде не работает. |
He has never been to England. |
She does not work anywhere. |
Îí никуда не ездил. |
ß нисколько не устала. |
He did not go anywhere. |
I am not tired at all. |
Îí ниоткуда не получает писем.
He does not get letters from anywhere.
Some other negative adverbs include:
åù¸ íå + verb - not yet
Îíà åù¸ íå пришла. She has not come yet.
åù¸ íåò - not yet
-Îí ïðèø¸ë? Has he arrived?
-Åù¸ íåò. Not yet.
Åù¸ íåò is used when the verb is omitted.
óæå íå + verb 
no longer, not any more
больше не + verb 
Он здесь óæå íå жив¸т. Он здесь больше не æèâ¸ò.
He does not live here any more.
óæå íåò
óæå íåò replaces óæå íå when the verb is omitted:
- Он ещ¸ в Москве?
Is he still in Moscow?
- Óæå íåò. Он уехал в Лондон.
Not any more. He has left for London.
Part 11 |
page 160 |
Negative Sentences
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
The Negative constructions denoting non-existence or non-availiablity
These constructions are always impersonal.
Åãî íåò äîìà.
He is not at home. Present
Åãî не будет äîìà. Future |
Past |
Åãî íå áûëî äîìà. |
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He will not be at home. |
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He was not at home. |
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Present Ó ìåíÿ íåò времени.
I have no time.
Future
Ó ìåíÿ не будет времени. I will not have time.
Past
Ó ìåíÿ íå áûëî времени. I did not have time.
The Negative sentences denoting unadvisable actions or prohibition.
These sentences are used with the following words:
íå íàäî - you should not, do not
Íå íàäî туда ездить.You should not go there.
не нужно - you should not, it`s not necessary Не нужно этого делать.
You should not do it.
It`s not necessary to do it.
не должен - should not
Âû не должны опаздывать.You should not come late.
нельзя - you can not, it`s forbidden, you should not Тебе нельзя так много курить.
You should not smoke so much.
Part 11 |
page 161 |
Negative Sentences