- •To the Readers
- •Shortly About the Author
- •AGREEMENT BETWEEN WORDS IN RUSSIAN
- •HOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF A NOUN
- •THE GENDER OF SOFT SIGN NOUNS
- •REPLACING SINGULAR NOUNS BY PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •HOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF PLACE NAMES
- •FOREIGN INDECLINABLE NOUNS AND THEIR GENDER AGREEMENT
- •THE GENDER AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
- •THE GENDER OF NOUNS DENOTING PROFESSIONS IN RUSSIAN
- •SINGULAR - ONLY NOUNS
- •FORMATION OF PLURAL NOUNS
- •PLURAL-ONLY NOUNS
- •PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNS AND CHARACTERIZING WORDS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES
- •MIXED PLURAL ADJECTIVAL ENDINGS
- •THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE PLURAL OF OTHER CHARACTERIZING WORDS - all, the whole
- •GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE CASE SYSTEM
- •THE DECLENSION OF MASCULINE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE ACCUSATIVE OF MASCULINE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF NEUTER NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF FEMININE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •ADJECTIVAL TYPE OF DECLENSION IN RUSSIAN
- •THE DECLENSION OF MASCULINE AND NEUTER ADJECTIVES IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE FEMININE ADJECTIVES IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE GENITIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE ACCUSATIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE DATIVE, INSTRUMENTAL AND PREPOSITIONAL PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE HARD ENDING NOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE SOFT ENDING NOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE PLURAL ADJECTIVES AND ADJECTIVAL WORDS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN SURNAMES
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN ADJECTIVAL SURNAMES
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN PATRONIMICS
- •THE DECLENSION OF NON-RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
- •PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION AND THE USE OF THE INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
- •THE USE OF THE NOMINATIVE CASE
- •THE USE OF THE GENITIVE CASE
- •THE GENITIVE OF NEGATION / ABSENSE / EXCEPTION
- •THE GENITIVE OF POSSESSION
- •THE GENITIVE OF RELATION / DESCRIPTION
- •THE GENITIVE OF QUANTITY
- •THE GENITIVE OF TIME
- •THE GENITIVE OF PLACE
- •THE GENITIVE USED AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
- •THE GENITIVE OF COMPARISON
- •THE GENITIVE OF SPECIAL DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
- •THE USE OF THE ACCUSATIVE CASE
- •THE USE OF THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE
- •THE USE OF THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE
- •THE SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN VERB
- •THE INFINITIVE AS A BASE FOR THE VERB FORMS
- •THE USE OF THE INFINITIVE IN RUSSIAN
- •THE ASPECT
- •THE ASPECT IN THE TENSE SYSTEM
- •THE PRESENT TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •THE IRREGULAR 1-ST CONJUGATION
- •THE IRREGULAR 2-ND CONJUGATION
- •IRREGULAR VERBS NOT FOLLOWING ANY PATTERN
- •THE PAST TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •FIRST GROUP, REGULAR PAST TENSE FORMATION
- •THE FUTURE TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •THE IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS
- •MAIN TYPES OF PARTICIPLES
- •LONG PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
- •USAGE (MEANING) OF THE ASPECTS
- •SOME FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE THE CHOICE OF AN ASPECT
- •A PRACTICAL TABLE OF MOST COMMON VERBS
- •MAIN USE OF THE REFLEXIVES
- •MODAL VERBS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
- •POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
- •THE NEGATIVE OF THE POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTION
- •RUSSIAN WORD ORDER
- •GENERAL REMARKS
- •BASIC FORMS OF NON-PREFIXED PAIR-VERBS OF «GOING»
- •THE GRAMMATICAL USAGE OF NON-PREFIXED «GOING» VERBS
- •UNIDIRECTIONAL VERBS
- •SOME COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
- •THE TENSE FORMS AND THE GENERAL MEANING OF THE ASPECT PAIRS OF MOST COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
- •COMMON ADVERBS OF MEASURE AND GRADE
- •ADVERBS OF TIME
- •ADVERBS OF PLACE AND DIRECTION
- •THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADVERBS
- •THE COMPARATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE SHORT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE COMPOUND NEGATIVE
- •THE USE OF THE NEGATIVE PRONOUNS
- •THE USE OF THE NEGATIVE ADVERBS
- •THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS INVOLVING PEOPLE
- •THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE GENITIVE OF PERSON
- •SEMI-IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS
- •THE CARDINALS
- •«HALVES»
- •THE ORDINAL NUMERALS
- •THE USE OF THE ORDINALS
- •NOUNS BASED ON NUMERALS
- •THE DOUBLE NUMERALS
- •THE INDEFINITE NUMERALS
- •THE COLLECTIVE NUMERALS
- •PREPOSITIONS
- •ADVERSATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
- •DISJUNCTIVE CONJUNCTIONS
- •MOST COMMON SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
|
|
|
|
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Nekrasova |
íàø |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
M. |
N. |
|
F. |
|
|
|
Pl. |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
N. |
íàø, |
íàøå |
íàøà |
|
íàøè |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
G. |
|
|
|
нашего |
|
нашей |
|
наших |
|
|
|
||||
Eugenia |
|
|
D. |
нашему |
|
нашей |
|
нашим |
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
A. |
наш, нашего, наше |
íàøó |
наши,наших |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
I. |
|
|
|
нашим |
|
нашей |
|
нашими |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
P. |
|
|
|
нашем |
|
нашей |
|
наших |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
âàø |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
M. |
N . |
|
|
F. |
Pl. |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. |
âàø, |
âàøå |
|
âàøà |
|
âàøè |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. |
вашего |
|
|
вашей |
ваших |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. |
вашему |
|
|
вашей |
вашим |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. |
ваш, вашего, ваше |
âàøó |
|
ваши, ваших |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. |
вашим |
|
|
вашей |
вашими |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. |
вашем |
|
|
вашей |
ваших |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The declension of the Demonstrative pronouns |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
ýòîò |
|
|
M. |
N. |
F. |
|
|
Pl. |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. |
ýòîò, |
ýòî |
ýòà |
|
|
ýòè |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. |
этого |
|
|
ýòîé |
|
|
ýòèõ |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. |
этому |
|
|
ýòîé |
|
ýòèì |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. |
этот, этого, это |
ýòó |
ýòè, ýòèõ |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. |
ýòèì |
|
|
ýòîé |
этими |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. |
ýòîì |
|
|
ýòîé |
|
|
ýòèõ |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
page 54 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Declension of Nouns, Adjectives and Adjectival Words in the Plural
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
òîò |
|
M. |
N. |
F. |
Pl. |
|
N. |
òîò, |
òî |
òà |
òå |
|
G. |
òîãî |
|
òîé |
òåõ |
|
D. |
òîìó |
|
òîé |
òåì |
|
A. |
òîò, òîãî, òî |
òó |
òå, òåõ |
|
|
I. |
òåì |
|
òîé |
òåìè |
|
P. |
òîì |
|
òîé |
òåõ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The declension of the Determinative pronoun
âåñü |
M. |
N. |
F. |
Pl. |
|
|
|
|
|
N. |
âåñü, |
âñ¸ |
âñÿ |
âñå |
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. |
всего |
|
âñåé |
âñåõ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. |
всему |
|
âñåé |
âñåì |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. |
весь, всего, вс¸ |
âñþ |
âñå, âñåõ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. |
âñåì |
|
âñåé |
всеми |
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. |
âñ¸ì |
|
âñåé |
âñåõ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
The declension of the Interrogative/Relative pronouns |
|||||||||
какой |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. |
N. |
F. |
Pl. |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
N. |
какой, |
какое |
какая |
какие |
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. |
какого |
какой |
каких |
|
|
||
|
|
|
D. |
какому |
какой |
каким |
|
|
||
|
|
|
A. |
какой, какого, какое |
какую |
какие, каких |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
I. |
каким |
какой |
какими |
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. |
каком |
какой |
каких |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 4 |
|
|
|
|
page 55 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Declension of Nouns, Adjectives and Adjectival Words in the Plural
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
÷åé |
M. |
N. |
F. |
Pl. |
|
|
N. |
÷åé, |
÷ü¸ |
÷üÿ |
÷üè |
|
|
|
G. |
чьего |
÷üåé |
÷üèõ |
|
|
|
|
D. |
чьему |
÷üåé |
÷üèì |
|
|
|
|
A. |
чей, чьего, чь¸ |
÷üþ |
÷üè, ÷üèõ |
|
|
|
|
I. |
|
÷üèì |
÷üåé |
чьими |
|
|
|
P. |
|
÷ü¸ì |
÷üåé |
÷üèõ |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
The declension of the Relative pronoun который |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. |
N. |
F. |
|
Pl. |
|
|
N. |
который, которое |
которая |
которые |
|||
|
G. |
|
которого |
|
которой |
которых |
|
|
D. |
|
которому |
|
которой |
которым |
|
|
A. |
|
который, |
|
которую |
которые, |
|
|
которого, которое |
которых |
|||||
|
I. |
|
которым |
|
которой |
которыми |
|
|
P. |
|
котором |
|
которой |
которых |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The use of the Possessive - reflexive pronoun ñâîé (someone`s own)
ñâîé appears in the Nominative only in the possessive constructions, for example:
Ó ìåíÿ åñòü ñâîé êëþ÷. I have my own key.
In other cases ñâîé qualifies the object which has a kind of ownship relation with the subject, for example:
Он не любит ñâîþ работу. He does not like his job.
Я позвоню своей подруге. I will call my friend.
ñâîé declines like ìîé
Part 4 |
page 56 |
The Declension of Nouns, Adjectives and Adjectival Words in the Plural
|
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar |
|
|
noun-replacing Pronouns |
|||
Eugenia Nekrasova |
Part 5 |
|
|
|
|
||
The Declension of Names, Geographic Names |
|||||||
and Noun-replacing Pronouns |
|
|
|||||
|
THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN SURNAMES |
||||||
Russian common male surnames usually end in -îâ/-åâ/-¸â |
|||||||
|
or -èí/-ûí, for example: |
|
|
||||
|
Ïåòðîâ, Васильåâ, Васил¸â,Òþðèí, Синицûí |
||||||
Russian common female surnames usually end in -îâà/-åâà/-¸âà |
|||||||
|
or -èíà/-ûíà, for example: |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
and |
|||
|
|
Ïåòðîâà, Васильåâà, Васил¸âà,Òþðèíà, Синицûíà |
|||||
|
The Plural forms of Russian |
surnames usually end in -îâû/-åâû/-¸âû |
Names |
||||
|
|
or -èíû/-ûíû, for example: |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Ïåòðîâû, Васильåâû, Васил¸âû,Òþðèíû, Синицûíû |
|||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
All these |
types of Russian surnames decline on the |
|
Geographic |
||
|
|
pattern of Петров/Петрова/Петровы: |
|
||||
|
Nom. |
Gen. |
|
|
|||
|
|
Петров |
У Петровà |
|
|
||
|
|
Петровà |
У Петровîé |
|
есть собака |
Names, |
|
|
|
Петровû |
У Петровûõ |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Dat. |
|
Acc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of |
||
|
|
|
Петровó |
|
Петровà |
||
|
|
|
|
Declension |
|||
|
Я звонил |
Петровîé |
Я встретил |
Петровó |
|||
|
|
|
Петровûì |
|
Петровûõ |
||
|
|
Instr. |
Prep. |
|
|||
|
Я говорил с |
Петровûì |
|
Петровå |
|||
|
Петровîé |
Я говорил о |
Петровîé |
The |
|||
|
|
|
Петровûìè |
|
Петровûõ |
||
|
Part 5 |
|
|
|
page 57 |
|