Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
with «â» - in, during, in the time of...
в плохую погоду - in bad weather |
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â æàðó - when it`s hot |
во время войны |
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during the war |
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в холод - when it`s cold |
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в войну (coll.) |
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âзимнее время - in winter time
âсредние века - in the middle ages
âнаше время - in our time
âсталинские времена -in Stalin`s time
âпериод «застоя» - in stagnation period
âполдень - at midday
âполночь - at midnight
â÷àñ - at one o`clock
âпоследнюю минуту - at the last minute
âýòîò, прошлый, будущий вторник - this, last, next Tuesday
âпервый день - on the first day
âòî óòðî - that morning 
во времена Петра Первого - in the reign of Peter the First
Note во времена + Gen is used mostly for the distant past.
THE USE OF THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE
The case got its name from one of its uses,
it is the case form for the instrument used to do something, as in:
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порезаться ножом - to cut oneself with a knife. |
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However, it is not the most important use to learn. |
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More important is its use after six prepositions: |
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ñ, çà, между, íàä, перед, ïîä |
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The Preposition ñ |
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ñ - with, don`t confuse it with ñ + Gen., meaning «from» |
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ß åäó òóäà с Наташей. - I go there with Natasha. |
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Я говорил вчера с Наташей. |
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-Yesterday I spoke to... (lit. with Natasha) |
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also вместе с - together with - ß åäó òóäà вместе с Наташей. |
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бутерброд с икрой - caviar sandwich (lit. sandwich with caviar) |
Case |
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The Instrumental is used after some verbs taking the preposition c : |
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поздравить с - to congratulate on |
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договориться с - to settle with somebody |
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The |
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встретиться с - to meet with |
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Part 6 |
page 90 |
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Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
The Instrumental is used after 5 prepositions to denote a place of an object:
çà - behind
Машина стоит за домом. The car is parked behind the house.между - between
Машина стоит между домами.
The car is parked between the houses.
íàä - above, over, on
Мы летели над Альпами. We flew above the Alps.
перед - in front of, before Машина стояла перед домом.
The car was parked in front of the house.
Preposition перед can also be used in time-expressions:
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перед завтраком - before breakfast |
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ïîä - under Под гостиницей есть большой гараж. |
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There is a big garage under the hotel. |
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alsoпод Москвой - near Moscow h |
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The Instrumental is used after a number of verbs of which |
Notice!
the most common are áûë/будет:
Îí был известным фотографом. He was a famous photographer. Îí будет хирургом. He will become a surgeon.
Когда я был маленьким... When I was small...
Also работать директором школы, заниматься фотографией, интересоваться фотографией
Some other verbs which take the Instrumental:
являться - to be казаться - to seem
считаться - to be considered остаться - to remain, to stay гордиться - to be proud of наслаждаться - to delight in увлекаться - to be obsessed with хвастаться - to boast of отличаться - to be distinguished by пахнуть - to smell of
торговать - to trade in
Part 6
командовать - to command управлять 
to control руководить 
to manage, to run владеть - to own
жертвовать -sacrifice болеть - to be sick платить - to pay (in) кормить - to feed (with)
наградить - to reward (with)
page 91
The Case Usage
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
The Instrumental case is used after some prepositional verbs:
Îí работал над контрактом. He worked on a contract. Îí смеялся над своим другом. He laughed at his friend.
Preposition çà is also used to denote a purpose of action:
ß èäó за хлебом. I am going to buy bread.
The Instrumental without a preposition is used to denote the time of events (parts of the day, seasons):
утром - in the morning äí¸ì - in the afternoon вечером - in the evening ночью - at night
зимой - in (the) winter весной - in (the) spring летом - in (the) summer осенью - in (the) fall/autumn
Also Îí доволен своей работой. He is satisfied with his job.
THE USE OF THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE
The Prepositional case is used only after the following prepositions: â, íà - to denote a place or time,
î - about, ïðè - in the time of
The Prepositional is used after â and íà to denote a place:
Сейчас я живу в Москве. I live in Moscow now. ß áûëà на выставке. I have been to the exhibition.
âянваре - in January etc.
âпрошлом году - last year
âследующем месяце - next month на этой неделе - this week etc.
Ýòî áûëî â (тысяча девятьсот) сорок восьмом году. - It was in 1948.
Îí æèë в девятнадцатом веке. He lived in the 19-th century.
Part 6 |
page 92 |
The Case Usage
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Some other verbs used with this case after prepositons â, íà:
работать в/íà - to work учиться в/íà - to study
находиться в/íà - to be (situated) гулять в/íà - to take a walk родиться в/íà - to be born остаться в/íà - to stay
сидеть в/íà - to sit лежать в/íà - to lie висеть в/íà - to hang играть в - to play (sports)
играть на - to play (music instruments) and some others.
After â or íà the Prepositional is used to denote means of transport:
ß поеду на машине. I will go by car.
The Prepositonal is used with the following verbs after the preposition î:
думать о... - to think говорить о... - to speak, to talk писать о... - to write
читать о... - to read рассказывать о... - to tell спрашивать о... - to ask знать о... - to know
E.g
Он не любит говорить о своей работе. He does not like to talk about his work.
After ïðè the Prepositional is used to denote a period in history: |
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ïðè öàðå - in tzar time |
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при Сталине - in Stalin`s time |
Part 6 |
page 93 |