Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Exception!!!
A big group of common verbs ending in -àòü, -ÿòü and -åòü h |
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also belongs to the 2-nd Conjugation («è» Conjugation). |
Notice! |
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Among them are: |
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смотреть - to watch,
to look at, to see
видеть - to see слышать - to hear лежать - to lie сидеть - to sit
стоять - to stand спать - to sleep
молчать - to be silent кричать - to shout, to scream зависеть от - to depend on стучать - to knock держать - to hold, to keep дышать - to breathe
and many others.
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E.g. видеть |
ÿ â‰æó |
ìû â‰äèì |
òû â‰äèøü |
âû â‰äèòå |
îí â‰äèò |
îíè â‰äÿò |
Prefixed verbs of both conjugations follow the same conjugationh pattern as their root verbs, for example:
Notice!
видеть - 2-nd conjugation - to see - он видит
óвидеть - 2-nd conjugation - to see (suddenly)- îí óвидит
THE IRREGULAR 1-ST CONJUGATION
With some verbs the Present Tense stem differs from the Infinitive stem. See them below.
Dropping of some parts of the Infinitive
Verbs in -авать: äàâàòü - to give
âà- is dropped. The stem is -äà
Verbs in -овать/-евать: голосîâàòü - to vote -îâà- is dropped, -ó- is added.
Part 7
ÿ äàþ |
ìû äà¸ì |
òû äà¸øü |
âû äà¸òå |
îí äà¸ò |
îíè äàþò |
also - узнавать - to recognize вставать - to get up etc.
я голос˜þ |
мы голос˜åì |
ты голос˜åøü |
вы голос˜åòå |
он голос˜åò |
они голос˜þò |
also - требовать - to demand - ÿ требую etc.
page 99
Verbs
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
changing of the stem vowel
ïåòü - to sing
ÿ ïîþ |
ìû ïî¸ì |
òû ïî¸øü |
âû ïî¸òå |
îí ïî¸ò |
îíè ïîþò |
-â appears in conjugation:
æèòü - to live |
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ÿ æèâó |
ìû æèâ¸ì |
òû æèâ¸øü |
âû æèâ¸òå |
îí æèâ¸ò |
îíè æèâóò |
Verbs in -èòü: |
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ïèòü - to drink |
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áðàòü - to take
ÿ áåðó ìû áåð¸ì
òû áåð¸øü âû áåð¸òå îí áåð¸ò îíè áåðóò
also - ïëûòü - to swim
also
ÿ ïüþ |
ìû ïü¸ì |
áèòü - to strike, ÿ áüþ |
òû ïü¸øü |
âû ïü¸òå |
ëèòü - to pour, ÿ ëüþ |
îí ïü¸ò |
îíè ïüþò |
øèòü - to sew, ÿ øüþ etc. |
Verbs in -ûòü:
ìûòü - to wash
ÿ ìîþ |
ìû ìîåì |
òû ìîåøü |
âû ìîåòå |
îí ìîåò |
îíè ìîþò |
Part 7
Verbs
page 100
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Verbs in -àòü with consonant interchange throughout conjugation:
ïèñàòü - to write, ñ/ø interchange |
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ÿ ïèø˜ |
ìû ï‰øåì |
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òû ï‰øåøü |
âû ï‰øåòå |
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îí ï‰øåò |
îíè ï‰øóò |
ñê/ù |
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èñêàòü - to look for, to seek |
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ÿ èù˜ |
ìû ‰ùåì |
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òû ‰ùåøü |
âû ‰ùåòå |
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îí, îíà ‰ùåò |
îíè ‰ùóò |
ò/÷ - øåïòàòü - to whisper - ÿ øåï÷ó ê/÷ - ïë‚êàòü - to weep - ÿ ïë‚÷ó ç/æ - âÿç‚òü - to knit - ÿ âÿæó
-òè verbs:
èäòè - |
ÿ èäó, òû èä¸øü, îí èä¸ò |
to go |
ìû èä¸ì, âû èä¸òå, îíè èäóò |
âåçòè - |
ÿ âåçó, òû âåç¸øü, îí âåç¸ò |
to convey |
ìû âåç¸ì, âû âåç¸òå, îíè âåçóò |
ðàñòè - |
ÿ ðàñòó, òû ðàñò¸øü, îí ðàñò¸ò |
to grow |
ìû ðàñò¸ì, âû ðàñò¸òå, îíè ðàñòóò |
íåñòè - |
ÿ íåñó, òû íåñ¸øü, îí íåñ¸ò |
to carry |
ìû íåñ¸ì, âû íåñ¸òå, îíè íåñóò |
âåñòè - |
ÿ âåäó, òû âåä¸øü, îí âåä¸ò |
to lead |
ìû âåä¸ì, âû âåä¸òå, îíè âåäóò |
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Verbs in -àòü like:
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æäàòü - to wait |
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ÿ æäó |
ìû æä¸ì |
also |
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òû æä¸øü |
âû æä¸òå |
ðâàòü - to tear, |
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îí, îíà æä¸ò |
îíè æäóò |
âðàòü - to lie |
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Part 7 |
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page 101 |
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Verbs
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar |
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Verbs in -ñòü/çòü: |
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êëàñòü - to place |
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ÿ êëàäó |
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ìû êëàä¸ì |
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òû êëàä¸øü |
âû êëàä¸òå |
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îí, îíà êëàä¸ò |
îíè êëàäóò |
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The verbs described before had the peculiarity gone throughout h |
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the conjugation. But now you`ll meet with a special case: |
Notice! |
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Verbs in -֟: |
÷/ã/æ interchange |
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ìî÷ü - to be able |
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ÿ ìîãó |
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ìû ìîæåì |
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òû ìîæåøü |
âû ìîæåòå |
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îí, îíà ìîæåò |
îíè ìîãóò |
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also |
òå÷ü - to flow |
÷/ê |
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ïå÷ü - to bake |
ê/÷ interchange |
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ÿ ïåêó |
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ìû ïå÷¸ì |
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òû ïå÷¸øü |
âû ïå÷¸òå |
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îí, îíà ïå÷¸ò |
îíè ïåêóò |
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THE IRREGULAR 2-ND CONJUGATION
Regular -èòü verbs are conjugated as говорить:
consonant stem
ïîìíèòü - to remember, êóðèòü - to smoke, âåðèòü - to believe, ó÷èòü - to teach, to learn, äàðèòü - to give (as a present).
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vowel stem |
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ñòðîèòü - to build, ñòîèòü - to coast |
also |
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ñòîÿòü - to stand |
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áîяться - to fear |
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Irregular conjugation of è verbs |
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A consistent feature of the second conjugation is the change |
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(mutation) of the consonant in the first person Singular of verbs |
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ending in -èòü and -åòü. |
Notice! |
Verbs |
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So, the 1-st Person Sigular differs from other forms. h |
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Part 7 |
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page 102 |
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Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
-ë appears |
in the 1-st Person Singular: |
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ëþáèòü - to love, to like |
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ÿ ëþáëþ |
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мы любим |
ты любишь |
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вы любите |
он, она любит |
они любят |
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also |
готов|ить - to cook, to prepare - я готовëþ, |
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ñòàâ|èòü - to put - ÿ ñòàâëþ, |
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ñï|àòü - to sleep - ÿ ñïëþ, |
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êîðì|èòü - to feed - ÿ êîðìëþ, ëîâ|èòü - to catch - ÿ ëîâëþ,
òåðï|åòü - to tolerate - ÿ òåðïëþ and some others
ä/æ interchange:
âèäåòü -to see |
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ÿ â‰æó |
ìû â‰äèì |
òû â‰äèøü |
âû â‰äèòå |
îí, îíà â‰äèò |
îíè â‰äÿò |
ò/÷ interchange:
ëåòåòü -to fly |
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ÿ ëå÷˜ |
ìû ëåò‰ì |
òû ëåò‰øü |
âû ëåò‰òå |
îí, îíà ëåò‰ò |
îíè ëåòÿò |
ò/÷ interchange :
ïëàòèòü -to pay
ÿ ïëà÷˜ |
ìû ïë‚òèì |
òû ïë‚òèøü |
âû ïë‚òèòå |
îí, îíà ïë‚òèò |
îíè ïë‚òÿò |
also ñèä|åòü - to sit ãëàä|èòü - to iron õîä|èòü - to go, to walk
ñ/ø interchange:
ïðîñèòü -to ask
ÿ ïðîø˜ |
ìû ïð‹ñèì |
òû ïð‹ñèøü |
âû ïð‹ñèòå |
îí, îíà ïð‹ñèò |
îíè ïð‹ñÿò |
Part 7 |
page 103 |
Verbs