- •To the Readers
- •Shortly About the Author
- •AGREEMENT BETWEEN WORDS IN RUSSIAN
- •HOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF A NOUN
- •THE GENDER OF SOFT SIGN NOUNS
- •REPLACING SINGULAR NOUNS BY PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •HOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF PLACE NAMES
- •FOREIGN INDECLINABLE NOUNS AND THEIR GENDER AGREEMENT
- •THE GENDER AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
- •THE GENDER OF NOUNS DENOTING PROFESSIONS IN RUSSIAN
- •SINGULAR - ONLY NOUNS
- •FORMATION OF PLURAL NOUNS
- •PLURAL-ONLY NOUNS
- •PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNS AND CHARACTERIZING WORDS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES
- •MIXED PLURAL ADJECTIVAL ENDINGS
- •THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE PLURAL OF OTHER CHARACTERIZING WORDS - all, the whole
- •GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE CASE SYSTEM
- •THE DECLENSION OF MASCULINE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE ACCUSATIVE OF MASCULINE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF NEUTER NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF FEMININE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •ADJECTIVAL TYPE OF DECLENSION IN RUSSIAN
- •THE DECLENSION OF MASCULINE AND NEUTER ADJECTIVES IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE FEMININE ADJECTIVES IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE GENITIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE ACCUSATIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE DATIVE, INSTRUMENTAL AND PREPOSITIONAL PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE HARD ENDING NOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE SOFT ENDING NOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE PLURAL ADJECTIVES AND ADJECTIVAL WORDS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN SURNAMES
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN ADJECTIVAL SURNAMES
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN PATRONIMICS
- •THE DECLENSION OF NON-RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
- •PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION AND THE USE OF THE INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
- •THE USE OF THE NOMINATIVE CASE
- •THE USE OF THE GENITIVE CASE
- •THE GENITIVE OF NEGATION / ABSENSE / EXCEPTION
- •THE GENITIVE OF POSSESSION
- •THE GENITIVE OF RELATION / DESCRIPTION
- •THE GENITIVE OF QUANTITY
- •THE GENITIVE OF TIME
- •THE GENITIVE OF PLACE
- •THE GENITIVE USED AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
- •THE GENITIVE OF COMPARISON
- •THE GENITIVE OF SPECIAL DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
- •THE USE OF THE ACCUSATIVE CASE
- •THE USE OF THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE
- •THE USE OF THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE
- •THE SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN VERB
- •THE INFINITIVE AS A BASE FOR THE VERB FORMS
- •THE USE OF THE INFINITIVE IN RUSSIAN
- •THE ASPECT
- •THE ASPECT IN THE TENSE SYSTEM
- •THE PRESENT TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •THE IRREGULAR 1-ST CONJUGATION
- •THE IRREGULAR 2-ND CONJUGATION
- •IRREGULAR VERBS NOT FOLLOWING ANY PATTERN
- •THE PAST TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •FIRST GROUP, REGULAR PAST TENSE FORMATION
- •THE FUTURE TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •THE IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS
- •MAIN TYPES OF PARTICIPLES
- •LONG PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
- •USAGE (MEANING) OF THE ASPECTS
- •SOME FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE THE CHOICE OF AN ASPECT
- •A PRACTICAL TABLE OF MOST COMMON VERBS
- •MAIN USE OF THE REFLEXIVES
- •MODAL VERBS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
- •POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
- •THE NEGATIVE OF THE POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTION
- •RUSSIAN WORD ORDER
- •GENERAL REMARKS
- •BASIC FORMS OF NON-PREFIXED PAIR-VERBS OF «GOING»
- •THE GRAMMATICAL USAGE OF NON-PREFIXED «GOING» VERBS
- •UNIDIRECTIONAL VERBS
- •SOME COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
- •THE TENSE FORMS AND THE GENERAL MEANING OF THE ASPECT PAIRS OF MOST COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
- •COMMON ADVERBS OF MEASURE AND GRADE
- •ADVERBS OF TIME
- •ADVERBS OF PLACE AND DIRECTION
- •THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADVERBS
- •THE COMPARATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE SHORT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE COMPOUND NEGATIVE
- •THE USE OF THE NEGATIVE PRONOUNS
- •THE USE OF THE NEGATIVE ADVERBS
- •THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS INVOLVING PEOPLE
- •THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE GENITIVE OF PERSON
- •SEMI-IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS
- •THE CARDINALS
- •«HALVES»
- •THE ORDINAL NUMERALS
- •THE USE OF THE ORDINALS
- •NOUNS BASED ON NUMERALS
- •THE DOUBLE NUMERALS
- •THE INDEFINITE NUMERALS
- •THE COLLECTIVE NUMERALS
- •PREPOSITIONS
- •ADVERSATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
- •DISJUNCTIVE CONJUNCTIONS
- •MOST COMMON SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
A PRACTICAL TABLE OF MOST COMMON VERBS
Below you will find a practical table of basic forms of most common verbs of both Aspects:
The verb áûòü - to be
Past |
Present |
Future |
ÿ, îí, òû áûë |
åñòü - is used |
ÿ áóäó |
ÿ, îíà, òû áûëà |
only in the |
òû будешь |
ýòî áûëî |
Possessive |
îí, îíà будет |
ìû, âû, îíè áûëè |
Constructions |
ìû будем |
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âû будете |
мочь/смочь - can, to be able to, to manage |
îíè будут |
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||
Past |
Present |
Future |
ÿ, îí, òû ìîã/ñìîã |
ÿ ìîãó |
ÿ смогу |
ÿ, îíà, òû могла/смогла |
òû можешь |
òû сможешь |
îíî могло/смогло |
îí, îíà может |
îí, îíà сможет |
ìû, âû, îíè могли/смогли ìû можем |
ìû сможем |
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âû можете |
âû сможете |
|
îíè могут |
îíè смогут |
хотеть - to want, to wish |
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Past |
Present |
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ÿ, îí, òû хотел |
ÿ õî÷ó |
|
ÿ, îíà, òû хотела |
òû хочешь |
|
ýòî хотело |
îí, îíà хочет |
|
ìû, âû, îíè хотели |
ìû хотим |
|
|
âû хотите |
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|
îíè хотят |
|
давать/дать - to give
Past |
Present |
Future |
ÿ, îí, òû äàë |
ÿ äàþ |
ÿ äàì |
ÿ, îíà, òû äàëà |
òû äà¸øü |
òû äàøü |
ýòî äàëî |
îí, îíà äà¸ò |
îí, îíà äàñò |
ìû, âû, îíè äàëè |
ìû äà¸ì |
ìû дадим |
|
âû äà¸òå |
âû дадите |
|
îíè äàþò |
îíè дадут |
есть/съесть - to eat |
|
|
Past |
Present |
Future |
ÿ, îí, òû åë |
ÿ åì |
ÿ áóäó åñòü etc. |
ÿ, îíà, òû åëà |
òû åøü |
|
ìû, âû, îíè åëè |
îí, îíà åñò |
|
|
ÿ, îí, òû ñúåë |
ÿ ñúåì |
ìû съедим |
|
|
ÿ, îíà, òû съела |
òû съешь |
âû съедите |
|
|
ìû, âû, îíè съели |
îí, îíà съест |
îíè съедят |
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Part 7 |
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page 119 |
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Verbs
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Past, Masc. Inf. & Present, 3-p., Sing.
ÿ, îí, òû
âçÿë
ÿ, îí, òû
видел,
увидел
ÿ, îí, òû
вернулся
ÿ, îí, òû
встал
ÿ, îí, òû
говорил,
сказал
ÿ, îí, òû
делал,
сделал
ÿ, îí, òû
æäàë
ÿ, îí, òû
æèë
ÿ, îí, òû
звонил,
позвонил
ÿ, îí, òû
положил
ÿ, îí, òû
ë¸ã
ÿ, îí, òû
лежал
ÿ, îí, òû
любил
ÿ, îí, òû
íàø¸ë
ÿ, îí, òû
открыл
ÿ, îí, òû
напис‚л,
ïèñ‚ë
Part 7
брать/взять - to take
îí, îíà áåð¸ò
видеть/увидеть - to see
îí, îíà видит
возвращаться/вернуться - to return îí, îíà возвращается
вставать/встать - to get up
îí, îíà âñòà¸ò
говорить/сказать- to talk, speak, say
îí, îíà говорит
делать/сделать - to do
îí, îíà делает
ждать/подождать - to wait
îí, îíà æä¸ò
æèòü - to live
îí, îíà æèâ¸ò
звонить/позвонить - to call, to phone
îí, îíà звонит
класть/положить - to put
îí, îíà êëàä¸ò
ложиться/лечь - to go to bed, to lie down
îí, îíà ложится
лежать - to lie
îí, îíà лежит
любить - to love, like
îí, îíà любит
находить/найти - to find îí, îíà находит
открывать/открыть - to open îí, îíà открывает
писать/написать - to write
îí, îíà пишет
Future, 3-p., Sing.
îí, îíà возьм¸т
îí, îíà увидит
îí, îíà âåðí¸òñÿ
îí, îíà встанет
îí, îíà скажет
îí, îíà сделает,
будет делать
î í , î í à á ó ä å ò
ждать, подожд¸т
îí, îíà будет жить
îí, îíà позвонит |
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|
îí, îíà положит |
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îí, îíà ляжет |
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|
îí, îíà |
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будет лежать |
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îí, îíà |
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будет любить |
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îí, îíà íàéä¸ò |
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îí, îíà откроет |
Verbs |
|
îí, îíà напишет |
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page 120
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Past, Masc. |
Inf. & Present and 3-p., Sing. |
Future, 3-p., Sing. |
ÿ, îí, òû |
петь/спеть - to sing |
|
ïåë, ñïåë |
îí, îíà ïî¸ò |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
показывать/показать- to show |
|
показал |
îí, îíà показывает |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
покупать/купить- to buy |
|
купил |
îí, îíà покупает |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
получать/получить - to get, receive |
|
получил |
îí, îíà получает |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
помогать/помочь- to help |
|
помог, |
||
îí, îíà помогает |
||
помогал |
||
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||
ÿ, îí, òû |
понимать/понять - to understand |
|
понял |
îí, îíà понимает |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
посылать/послать - to send |
|
послал |
îí, îíà посылает |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
просить/попросить - to ask to do smth |
|
просил |
îí, îíà просит |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
садиться/сесть - to sit down, to take a sit |
|
ñåë |
îí, îíà садится |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
сидеть - to sit |
|
сидел |
îí, îíà сидит |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
слушать - to listen |
|
слушал |
îí, îíà слушает |
|
ýòî |
случаться/случиться - to happen |
|
случилось N. ýòî случается |
||
ÿ, îí, òû |
слышать/услышать - to hear |
|
слышал, |
||
îí, îíà слышит |
||
услышал |
||
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||
ÿ, îí, òû |
смотреть/посмотреть - to watch, |
|
смотрел, |
to see, look at |
|
посмотрел |
îí, îíà смотрит |
|
ÿ, îí, òû |
спрашивать/спросить - to ask |
|
спросил |
îí, îíà спрашивает |
|
ÿ, îí, òû
читал,
читать/прочитать - to read
прочитал
îí, îíà читает
Part 7
îí, îíà будет петь
îí, îíà ñïî¸ò
îí, îíà покажет
îí, îíà купит
îí, îíà получит
îí, îíà поможет
îí, îíà ïîéì¸ò
îí, îíà ïîøë¸ò
îí, îíà попросит
îí, îíà сядет
îí, îíà
будет сидеть
îí, îíà
будет слушать
ýòî случится
îí, îíà услышит
îí, îíà
будет смотреть,
посмотрит
îí, îíà спросит
îí, îíà
будет читать îí, îíà прочитает
page 121
Verbs
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Part 8
Verbs and Constructions
This part deals with:
The Reflexive Verbs (-ñÿ verbs)
Modal Verbs and Constructions
Possessive Constructions
Russian Word Order
THE REFLEXIVE VERBS (-ñÿ verbs)
The suffix -ñÿ (ñü) was originally the Accusative of the Reflexive pronounñåáÿ - self. In many verbs the reflexive meaning of the suffix has been lost, but there are also verbs in which this meaning has been preserved: the so called «true reflexives».
The conjugation of a reflexive -ñÿ verb does not differ from its non-reflexivepair verb.
The ending -ñÿ is attached to verb forms ending in a consonant or -é:
E.g.
Part 8
Verbs and Constructions
page 122