A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
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approximate time |
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coll. около двенадцати - about twelve o`clock |
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time of the day |
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first part of an hour: |
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1105, 2305 - пять минут двенадцатого |
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1130, 2330 - половина двенадцатого |
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second part of an hour: |
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в половине двенадцатого |
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1155, 2355 - áåç ïÿòè двенадцать |
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THE GENITIVE OF PLACE |
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The Genitive of Place is used only after prepositions. |
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It is used to denote the position of an object/person in relation |
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to another object/person - both stationary and moving. |
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The following prepositions and adverbial combinations are used here: |
около - near
ó - near, at
недалеко от - not far from близко - close to
далеко от - far from
вдали от - far from напротив - opposite
посреди/посредине
- in the middle of
среди - among
+ Genitive
слева от - to the left from справа от - to the right from впереди - in front of
сзади/позади - behind
внутри - inside снаружи - outside
вокруг - around вдоль - along
попер¸к - across
ìèìî - by, passing by
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недалеко от нашего дома - not far from our house |
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Ìû æèëè у друзей. We stayed at our friends. |
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Part 6 |
page 80 |
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The Case Usage
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
The Genitive is used to denote a place from where the action is directed
(the starting point of motion). The following prepositions are used:
èç, ñ, îò - from a place |
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èç-çà - from behind |
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èç-ïîä - from beneath |
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E.g.
Он вернулся из Парижа вчера вечером. He came back from Paris yesterday night.
Я обычно выхожу èç äîìà â 800. I usually leave home at 800.
Он приехал с работы очень поздно. He came from work very late.
Мы ехали от Стокгольма на автобусе. We went from Stockholm by bus.
The Genitive is used to denote distance between two or more objects/ persons or part of the way:
îò + Gen. äî + Gen.
От Москвы до Киева мы ехали всю ночь.
From Moscow to Kiev we were driving the whole night .
After preposition äî the Genitive is used to denote a place of destination:
Как доехать до вокзала? How to get to the railway station?
Сколько (часов) лететь до Лондона?
How long does it take to get to London by air? also
ß íå ìîãó äî âàñ дозвониться. I can`t reach you (by phone).
Part 6 |
page 81 |
The Case Usage
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A Basic Modern Russian Grammar |
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Nekrasova |
THE GENITIVE USED AFTER CERTAIN PREPOSITIONS. |
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The Genitive can be also used after several other prepositions |
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or in other meanings than described earlier. |
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Preposition îò is used to denote a sender of an object: |
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Я получил от Николая письмо. |
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To denote relation between two objects or phenomena: |
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êëþ÷ от машины - key to the car (lit. key from the car) |
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лекарство от аллергии - anti-allergic medicine |
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Preposition èç-çà is used to denote a reason or a cause: |
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Я опоздал èç-çà пробки на работу. |
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I came late to work because of a traffic jam. |
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Preposition äëÿ means for, meant for: |
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Это бумага для принтера. |
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The paper is for the printer. |
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Preposition èç is used mostly with the following verbs:
делать/сделать èç - to make |
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изготавливать/изготовить èç - |
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to make, to manifacture, to produce |
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строить/построить èç - to build |
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варить/сварить èç - to cook |
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состоять èç - to consist of |
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шить/сшить èç - to sew |
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вязать/связать èç - to knit |
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E.g. Ýòîò ÿùèê сделан из дерева. |
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This box is made of wood. |
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Эта книга состоит из пяти глав. |
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This book consists of five chapters. |
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Part 6 |
page 82 |
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The Case Usage
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A Basic Modern Russian Grammar |
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Nekrasova |
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Very often the verb is omitted: |
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THE GENITIVE USED AFTER CERTAIN VERBS |
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The following verbs take the Genitive: |
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желать - to wish |
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E.g. Желаю âàì успеха! I wish you succes. |
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Всего хорошего! All the best to you! |
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It comes from Желаю âàì всего хорошего! |
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ждать/подождать - to wait |
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E.g. Ìû жд¸м вашего ответа. We are waiting for your reply. |
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не хватать - to lack, to be short of- used only impersonally |
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E.g. Ìíå не хватает времени. I am short of time. |
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не хотеть |
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E.g. Îí не хочет скандала. He does not want any scandal. |
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Îí не хочет арбуза. He does not want the watermelon. |
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The Genitive is also used after some other verbs: |
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бояться - to be afraid of |
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избегать - to avoid |
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стесняться - to be shy, to feel uneasy |
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добиться - to achieve, to gain |
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доехать до, добраться до - to get to, to reach
стоить - to be worth
взять у - to take from someone спросить у - to ask someone
попросить у - to ask someone to do or give something купить у - to buy something from a person or a company
переводить/перевести с... - to translate from
E.g. Îíà боится собак. She is afraid of dogs. ß спрошу у брата. I`ll ask my brother. Íàäî перевести с английского.
You have to translate it from English.
Part 6 |
page 83 |
The Case Usage