Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
|
IRREGULAR VERBS NOT FOLLOWING ANY PATTERN |
h |
|||
|
A number of verbs do not follow any of the above patterns. |
|
|||
|
Some of them also include the elements of both conjugations. |
Notice! |
|||
|
See them below: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
õîò|åòü - to want |
åñòü - to eat |
|
|
|
|
ÿ õî÷˜ |
ìû õîò‰ì |
ÿ åì |
ìû åä|‰ì |
|
|
òû õ‹÷åøü |
âû õîò‰òå |
òû åøü |
âû åä|‰òå |
|
|
îí, îíà õ‹÷åò |
îíè õîòµò |
îí, îíà åñò |
îíè åä|µò |
|
|
(also ÷/ò interchange) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
áåæ|àòü - to run, also ã/æ interchange |
|
||
|
|
ÿ áåãó |
ìû áåæèì |
|
|
|
|
òû áåæèøü |
âû áåæèòå |
|
|
|
|
îí, îíà áåæèò |
îíè áåãóò |
|
|
|
áûòü - to be |
|
|
|
h |
|
Only one form is used - åñòü, |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
which is the 3-d Person Singular and Plural
Notice!
THE PAST TENSE OF THE VERBS
The Past Tense formation is based on the Gender Principal (Singulars).
The stem which serves as a base for the Past Tense formation comes from the infinitive.
The infinitives end in: -òü, -ñòü, -÷ü, -òè, -ñòè, -çòü, -çòè .
As for the Past Tense Formation all the verbs fall into 2 groups
|
First Group |
Second Group |
|
||
|
|
-òü, -ñòü |
-÷ü, -òè, -ñòè, -çòü, |
|
|
|
|
verbs |
-çòè, several -òü verbs |
|
|
|
Regular Past Tense formation, |
Irregular Past Tense formation, |
|
||
|
modern productive type of verbs, |
non-productive old type of verbs, |
Verbs |
||
|
|||||
|
|
vowel stem. |
consonant stem. |
||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 7 |
page 104 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
First Group, Regular Past Tense Formation
-òü verbs, vowel stem
Let us take, for example, the verb to be - áûòü.
To give the Masculine Past we have to replace -òü by -ë:
áûòü îí áûë 
he was, he has been
Stem + -ë |
The Feminine Past - we replace -òü by -ëà: |
|
|
|
áûòü îíà áûëà |
|
she was, she has been |
|
Stem + -ëà |
The Neuter Past - we replace -òü by -ëî:
áûòü ýòî, îíî áûëî it was, it has been
Stem + -ëî |
The Past agrees also in Number: |
|||
|
||||
|
ìû áûëè - we were, we have been |
|||
|
âû áûëè - you were, you have been |
|||
|
îíè áûëè - they were, they have been |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
Stem + -ëè
So, the full table is:
|
Inf. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
áûòü |
|
Singular |
Plural & Polite |
|
|
|
|
|
M. |
ÿ, îí, òû áûë |
|
|
|
|
|
F. |
ÿ, îíà, òû áûëà |
ìû, âû, îíè áûëè |
|
|
|
|
N. |
ýòî, îíî áûëî |
|
Verbs |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 7 |
|
page 105 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
-ñòü verbs |
E.g. |
as part of the Regular Group |
óïàñòü - to fall down |
To get the Past tense forms we have to replace -ñòü by -ë, -ëà, -ëî or -ëè.
So, the full table of the Past Tense formation of this type of verbs is as follows:
Inf. |
|
|
|
óïàñòü |
|
Singular |
Plural & Polite |
|
M. |
ÿ, îí, òû óïàë |
|
|
F. |
ÿ, îíà, òû óïàëà |
ìû, âû, îíè óïàëè |
|
N. |
ýòî, îíî óïàëî |
|
|
|
|
|
Some other verbs of the same type:
åñòü - to eat, óêðàñòü - to steal ïîïàñòü - to get to,
пропаñòü - to disappear, to vanish.
The use of Personal pronouns ÿ and òû with the Past Tense.
Personal pronouns ÿ - I |
and òû (informal «you») |
|
|
||||
are of Common Gender. |
|
|
|
|
h |
||
So, the Gender agreement is determined by the real sex |
|||||||
of a person. |
|
|
|
|
Notice! |
||
|
|
ÿ |
òû |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ÿ áûë - I was - ÿ áûëà |
òû áûë - you were - òû áûëà |
ÿ óïàë - I fell down - ÿ óïàëà |
òû óïàë - you fell down - òû óïàëà |
Part 7 |
page 106 |
Verbs
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
IRREGULAR PAST TENSE FORMATIONVerbs ending in ֟
Some types of verbs have no -ë in the Masculine Past. These are mainly the oldest verbs of the Russian language which have the consonant stem.
No -ë is added to this stem in the Masculine Past.
In addition to that the stem consonant is very often replaced by its interchanging pair consonant : ÷ by ã, ÷ by ê etc. Let us take for example the verb ìî÷ü - to be able to,
÷ will be replaced by ã. So, the Past Tense forms are:
|
Singular |
Plural & Polite |
M. |
ÿ, îí, òû ìîã |
|
F. |
ÿ, îíà, òû ìîãëà |
ìû, âû, îíè ìîãëè |
N. |
ýòî, îíî ìîãëî |
|
|
|
|
