- •To the Readers
- •Shortly About the Author
- •AGREEMENT BETWEEN WORDS IN RUSSIAN
- •HOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF A NOUN
- •THE GENDER OF SOFT SIGN NOUNS
- •REPLACING SINGULAR NOUNS BY PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •HOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF PLACE NAMES
- •FOREIGN INDECLINABLE NOUNS AND THEIR GENDER AGREEMENT
- •THE GENDER AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
- •THE GENDER OF NOUNS DENOTING PROFESSIONS IN RUSSIAN
- •SINGULAR - ONLY NOUNS
- •FORMATION OF PLURAL NOUNS
- •PLURAL-ONLY NOUNS
- •PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNS AND CHARACTERIZING WORDS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES
- •MIXED PLURAL ADJECTIVAL ENDINGS
- •THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE PLURAL OF OTHER CHARACTERIZING WORDS - all, the whole
- •GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE CASE SYSTEM
- •THE DECLENSION OF MASCULINE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE ACCUSATIVE OF MASCULINE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF NEUTER NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF FEMININE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR
- •ADJECTIVAL TYPE OF DECLENSION IN RUSSIAN
- •THE DECLENSION OF MASCULINE AND NEUTER ADJECTIVES IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE FEMININE ADJECTIVES IN THE SINGULAR
- •THE GENITIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE ACCUSATIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE DATIVE, INSTRUMENTAL AND PREPOSITIONAL PLURAL OF NOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE HARD ENDING NOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE SOFT ENDING NOUNS IN THE PLURAL
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE PLURAL ADJECTIVES AND ADJECTIVAL WORDS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN SURNAMES
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN ADJECTIVAL SURNAMES
- •THE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN PATRONIMICS
- •THE DECLENSION OF NON-RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
- •PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION OF THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS
- •THE DECLENSION AND THE USE OF THE INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
- •THE USE OF THE NOMINATIVE CASE
- •THE USE OF THE GENITIVE CASE
- •THE GENITIVE OF NEGATION / ABSENSE / EXCEPTION
- •THE GENITIVE OF POSSESSION
- •THE GENITIVE OF RELATION / DESCRIPTION
- •THE GENITIVE OF QUANTITY
- •THE GENITIVE OF TIME
- •THE GENITIVE OF PLACE
- •THE GENITIVE USED AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
- •THE GENITIVE OF COMPARISON
- •THE GENITIVE OF SPECIAL DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
- •THE USE OF THE ACCUSATIVE CASE
- •THE USE OF THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE
- •THE USE OF THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE
- •THE SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN VERB
- •THE INFINITIVE AS A BASE FOR THE VERB FORMS
- •THE USE OF THE INFINITIVE IN RUSSIAN
- •THE ASPECT
- •THE ASPECT IN THE TENSE SYSTEM
- •THE PRESENT TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •THE IRREGULAR 1-ST CONJUGATION
- •THE IRREGULAR 2-ND CONJUGATION
- •IRREGULAR VERBS NOT FOLLOWING ANY PATTERN
- •THE PAST TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •FIRST GROUP, REGULAR PAST TENSE FORMATION
- •THE FUTURE TENSE OF THE VERBS
- •THE IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS
- •MAIN TYPES OF PARTICIPLES
- •LONG PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
- •USAGE (MEANING) OF THE ASPECTS
- •SOME FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE THE CHOICE OF AN ASPECT
- •A PRACTICAL TABLE OF MOST COMMON VERBS
- •MAIN USE OF THE REFLEXIVES
- •MODAL VERBS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
- •POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
- •THE NEGATIVE OF THE POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTION
- •RUSSIAN WORD ORDER
- •GENERAL REMARKS
- •BASIC FORMS OF NON-PREFIXED PAIR-VERBS OF «GOING»
- •THE GRAMMATICAL USAGE OF NON-PREFIXED «GOING» VERBS
- •UNIDIRECTIONAL VERBS
- •SOME COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
- •THE TENSE FORMS AND THE GENERAL MEANING OF THE ASPECT PAIRS OF MOST COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
- •COMMON ADVERBS OF MEASURE AND GRADE
- •ADVERBS OF TIME
- •ADVERBS OF PLACE AND DIRECTION
- •THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADVERBS
- •THE COMPARATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE SHORT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVES
- •THE COMPOUND NEGATIVE
- •THE USE OF THE NEGATIVE PRONOUNS
- •THE USE OF THE NEGATIVE ADVERBS
- •THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS INVOLVING PEOPLE
- •THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE GENITIVE OF PERSON
- •SEMI-IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS
- •THE CARDINALS
- •«HALVES»
- •THE ORDINAL NUMERALS
- •THE USE OF THE ORDINALS
- •NOUNS BASED ON NUMERALS
- •THE DOUBLE NUMERALS
- •THE INDEFINITE NUMERALS
- •THE COLLECTIVE NUMERALS
- •PREPOSITIONS
- •ADVERSATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
- •DISJUNCTIVE CONJUNCTIONS
- •MOST COMMON SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
SOME COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
Various prefixes can be added to the verbs of motion to specify the action: to or away from a place, happening or a person; into or out of a place, happening or a person etc.
In contrast to non-prefixed verbs of motion the prefixed ones form the standard aspect pairs (through internal modification), for example: Imperfective - ïðèåçæàòü
Perfective - ïðèåõàòü
Prefixed verbs of «going» and «carrying» form submeaning pairs
(as their root non-prefixed verbs do), with reference to the mode of action:
Group 1
Someone either goes on foot or visits some place of interest or a
working place without |
reference to transport used to perform an action. |
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Imperfective |
Perfective |
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ïðèходить |
ïðèéòè |
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ïðèносить |
ïðèнести |
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óходить |
óéòè |
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îòносить |
îòнести |
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Group 2
Some means of transport are used to perform an action.
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Imperfective |
Perfective |
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ïðèезжать |
ïðèехать |
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ïðèвозить |
ïðèвезти |
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Motion |
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óезжать |
óехать |
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îòвозить |
îòвезти |
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See: |
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of |
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Group 1 Îí приш¸л на работу и прин¸с новый словарь. |
Verbs |
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Group 2 Îí приехал из Лондона и прив¸з новый словарь. |
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Part 9 |
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page 141 |
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Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
THE TENSE FORMS AND THE GENERAL MEANING OF THE ASPECT PAIRS OF MOST COMMON PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
First table
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Imp. приходить |
Perf. прийти |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Past |
Future |
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прихожу |
приходил |
буду приходить |
ïðèø¸ë |
приду |
Meaning: coming, arriving at a place, visiting someone either on foot or the motion is unspecified
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Imp. приезжать |
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Perf. приехать |
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Present |
Past |
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Future |
Past |
Future |
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приезжаю приезжал |
буду приезжать |
приехал |
приеду |
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Meaning: coming, arriving at a place, visiting someone by transport (also by planes)
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Imp. прилетать |
Perf. прилететь |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Past |
Future |
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прилетаю |
прилетал |
буду прилетать |
прилетел |
прилечу |
Meaning: coming by air, arriving at a place
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Imp. приносить |
Perf. принести |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Past |
Future |
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приношу |
приносил |
буду приносить |
ïðèí¸ñ |
принесу |
Meaning: coming on foot (or the motion is unspecified) and bringing (delivering) something or someone to somewhere or somebody.
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Imp. привозить |
Perf. привезти |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Past |
Future |
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привожу |
привозил |
буду привозить |
ïðèâ¸ç |
привезу |
Meaning: coming by transport and bringing (delivering) something or someone to somewhere or somebody
Part 9 |
page 142 |
Verbs of Motion
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Second table
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Imp. уходить |
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Perf. óéòè |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Past |
Future |
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ухожу |
уходил |
буду уходить |
óø¸ë |
óéäó |
Meaning:
leaving a place or a person, going either on foot or the motion is unspecified
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Imp. уезжать |
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Perf. уехать |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Past |
Future |
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уезжаю |
уезжал |
буду уезжать |
уехал |
óåäó |
Meaning: leaving a place or a person by transport
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Imp. улетать |
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Perf. улететь |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Past |
Future |
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улетаю |
улетал |
буду улетать |
улетел |
улечу |
Meaning: leaving a place or a person by air
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Imp. относить |
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Perf. отнести |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Past |
Future |
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отношу |
относил |
буду относить |
îòí¸ñ |
отнесу |
Meaning:
taking a thing or a person, going either on foot or the motion is not specified
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Imp. отвозить |
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Perf. отвезти |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Past |
Future |
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отвожу |
отвозил |
буду отвозить |
îòâ¸ç |
отвезу |
Meaning: taking a thing or a person to some place by transport
Part 9 |
page 143 |
Verbs of Motion
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Here you can find a table of the PREPOSITIONS AND CASES ACCOMPANYING some common PREFIXED VERBS OF MOTION
coming, arriving at
ïðèходить / ïðèéòè
ïðèезжать /ïðèехать ïðèлетать /ïðèлететь
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èç - from a place |
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â - to a place |
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ñ - from a place |
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íà - to a place |
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or happening |
or happening |
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îò - from a person |
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ê - to a person |
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delivering, carrying to
ïðèносить / ïðèнести ïðèвозить /ïðèвезти
èç - from a place
ñ- from a place or happening
îò - from a person
Part 9
â - to a place |
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+ Gen. íà - to a place or happening |
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to a person - with or |
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MotionofVerbs |
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page 144 |
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Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
going away, leaving, departing
óходить / óéòè óезжать /óехать óлетать /óлететь
èç - from a place
ñ - from a place + Gen. or happening
îò - from a person
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delivering, taking to |
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îòносить / îòнести |
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îòвозить / îòвезти |
â - to a place |
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íà - to a place |
+ Acc. |
or happening |
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ê - to a person + Dat.
â - to a place |
+ Acc. |
íà - to a place or happening |
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to a person |
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with or without preposition ê + Dat.
setting off for destination
ïîéòè ïîехать ïîлететь
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â - to a place |
+ Acc. |
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íà - to a place or happening |
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ê - to a person + Dat. |
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Part 9 |
page 145 |
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Verbs of Motion
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Part 10 |
Adverbs |
THIS PART DEALS WITH
Adverbs, including predicative adverbs («î»- forms and modal words).
The degrees of comparison of some adverbs,
also the degrees of comparison of some adjectives.
The short form of some adjectives.
ADVERBS
Adverbs can originate from different parts of speech, for example:
вечером - in the evening, comes from a noun вечер (evening); âäâî¸ì - in a group of two,
comes from a collective numeral äâîå (a group of two) .
If an adverb is not registered in a dictionary you can try to form it on your own from an adjective:
Adjective Adverb
Most adverbs derived from adjectives have the ending -o:
õîð‹øèé хорош‹ |
-ûé |
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позднèé ï‹çäíî |
-èé |
-î |
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-îé |
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From adjectives denoting nationality the adverbs are usually derived by means of the ending -è in a combination with the prefix ïî-:
русскèé ïî-русскè |
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Я не понимаю ïî-русски. |
Я не говорю ïî-русски. |
Some adverbs can be used in a sentence as a compliment to some verbs (predicative adverbs):
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Adverbs |
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Вчера было холодно. It was cold yesterday. |
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Трудно сказать. It is hard to say. |
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Modal words можно, íàäî, нужно, нельзя: |
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Ìíå надо ехать. I have got to go. |
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The |
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Можно посмотреть? May I have a look? |
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Part 10 |
page 146 |
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