Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
THE GENITIVE OF NEGATION / ABSENSE / EXCEPTION
The Genitive is used to express an absense or non-availiability of a person, object or quality, for example:
Gen.
Åãî íåò. - He is not available.
Наташи íå áûëî äîìà. - Natasha was not at home.
Gen.
Ó ìåíÿ íåò машины. - I have no car.
Two prepositions - áåç - without and кроме - except are used in the same meaning, for example:
áåç сахара - without sugar
все, кроме Наташи - everyone except Natasha
THE GENITIVE OF POSSESSION
The combination with the preposition ó is used to denote possession of an object or some characteristics, for example:
Gen.
Ó Наташи есть собака. Natasha has a dog.
The Genitive is used to denote an owner:
Это машина моего брата. It`s my brother`s car.
THE GENITIVE OF RELATION / DESCRIPTION
An object or a person is described in relation to another object/person, for example:
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Gen. |
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noun or |
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noun or |
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proper name |
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proper name |
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карта |
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России |
- map of Russia |
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расписание |
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поездов |
- train schedule |
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Part 6 |
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page 76 |
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The Case Usage
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
THE GENITIVE OF QUANTITY
The Genitive is used after words of indefinite or relative amount, for example:
больше - more
меньше - less
ìàëî - few, little
много - many, much
немало -- not a few
немного - not many, a few
несколько - several
сколько - how many, how much
столько - so many, so much
÷óòü - ÷óòü (coll.) - a bit
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of countables |
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of uncountables |
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много êíèã |
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много снега |
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many books |
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much snow |
The Genitive is used after words denoting certain amount, measure, containers, set of objects, for example:
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of countables |
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of uncountables |
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килограмм яблок |
килограмм сахара |
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букет ðîç |
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бутылка ïèâà |
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The Genitive is used to denote part of a whole, for example: |
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кусок хлеба, ïîëчашки.The Genitive is used also after |
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полтора |
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- 1 /2 |
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два с половиной - 2 1/2 |
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треть |
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+ литра |
Only the Genitive Singular h |
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четверть |
- 1/4 |
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The |
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три четверти - 3/4 |
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is used after these words. Notice! |
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Part 6 |
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page 77 |
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Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
The Genitive is used to denote the exact number of persons or objects:
cardinal numerals + Gen.
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10 минут |
2 äíÿ |
100 долларов |
12 часов |
There is a certain rule which regulates the use of the Genitive h |
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Singular or the Genitive Plural after the cardinal numerals. |
Notice! |
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See below: |
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2, 3, 4 |
take the Genitive Singular |
any number ending in 2, 3, 4 |
E.g.
2 человека, 22 человека, 102 человека etc.
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any number from 5 to 19 |
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any number ending in a numeral from 5 to 19 |
take the Genitive Plural |
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any number ending in 0 |
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E.g. |
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5 человек |
125 человек |
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15 человек |
120 человек |
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Cardinal numeral 1 and any number ending in 1 |
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take the Nominative Singular, for example: |
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1 |
÷àñ, 21 |
÷àñ etc. |
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The Genitive Plural is used after the following collective and double numerals:
двое, трое, четверо, пятеро, шестеро, семеро for example: äâîå детей
The Genitive Plural is used after the following words:
тысяча - thousand, миллион - million, миллиард - billion (1012), for example:
миллион рублей, тысяча долларов.
Part 6 page 78
The Case Usage
Eugenia Nekrasova
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
THE GENITIVE OF TIME
The Genitive of Time can be used both with or without prepositions.
The Genitive is used to denote:
dates of events
Gen. Gen.
Он приехал первого января девяносто первого года
intervals
утро вечер |
1300 1400 |
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Gen. |
Gen. |
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Он работает с утра до вечера. |
Ó íàñ ñ ÷àñà äî äâóõ îáåä. |
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time points
Gen.
Он работает тут с сентября. He works here from September.
age points or limits
Gen.
Он начал курить с четырнадцати лет. He started smoking from the age of 14.
phases or parts of «time» words
1941ãîä 1945 ãîä
Gen. Gen. Gen.
до войны во время войны после войны
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1991ãîä |
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в начале года |
в середине года |
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в конце года |
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coll. 6 |
óòðà - 6 a.m. |
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6 вечера - 6 p.m. |
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2 |
÷àñà äíÿ - 2 p.m. |
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2 ÷àñà íî÷è - 2 a.m. |
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Part 6 |
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page 79 |
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The Case Usage