- •М.Ю. Кладова Вербалии и вербальные конструкции в английском языке
- •2002 Г.
- •Оглавление
- •Неличные формы глагола.
- •Инфинитив
- •I. Инфинитив
- •II. Использование инфинитива без частицы “to”.
- •Exercises.
- •IV. State the form of infinitive in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.
- •V. Use the infinitives in brackets in the required form.
- •VI. Insert the particle “to” where necessary.
- •VII. Translation into English
- •III. Функции инфинитива в предложении.
- •Exercises
- •VIII. Make up sentences so as to use the infinitive as predicative.
- •X. Paraphrase the following using a noun instead of the underlined verb with the infinitive as attribute, make all necessary changes.
- •Test yourselves
- •Nightwork (by I. Show.) An Extract.
- •IV. Инфинитивные конструкции
- •V. Объектная инфинитивная конструкция
- •Exercises
- •Insert the particle “to” in objective infinitive constructions where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •V. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use objective infinitive constructions instead of the object clauses.
- •VI. Complete the following sentences so as to use objective infinitive constructions.
- •VIII. Read the text.
- •Theatre (by s. Maughm) An Extract
- •VI. Субъектная инфинитивная конструкция.
- •Exercises
- •Insert the particle “to” where required in the following sentences with objective and subjective infinitive constructions. Explain your choice.
- •The picture of Dorian Gray (by Oscar Wild) An Extract
- •VII. Инфинитивная конструкция с предлогом “for”. (For-to-Infinitive Construction)
- •Exercises
- •II. Construct For-to-Infinitive constructions using words in brackets in the appropriate form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Define the type of the infinitive constructions in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Paraphrase the following so as to use various infinitive constructions instead of the subordinate clauses.
- •Nightwork (by I. Shaw) An Extract
- •Test yourselves
- •Insert particle "to" before the infinitive where required.
- •Test-paper
- •Причастие
- •Определение и формы.
- •Грамматические категории причастия
- •Функции причастия I в предложении
- •Функции причастия II в предложении
- •Exercises
- •I. Define the form of the participles.
- •II. Translate the word-combinations with participles into Russian and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •III. Define the function of the participles in the following sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Open the brackets using the correct form of participles.
- •V. Replace the clauses by the constructions with participles.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into English using participles in different functions.
- •VII. Read the text.
- •V. Причастные конструкции
- •Exercises
- •I. Find the objective participle constructions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Find the subjective participle constructions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •III. Find nominative absolute participle constructions in the following sentences. Define the functions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Paraphrase the following sentences, using participle constructions instead of adverbial clauses.
- •V. Paraphrase the following sentences, using adverbial clauses instead of participle constructions.
- •VI. Define the type of participle constructions in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Find absolute constructions without a participle in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into English, using participial constructions.
- •IX. Read the extract from the novel.
- •I. Define the function of Participles. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Test II
- •Герундий
- •Определение и грамматические характеристики
- •II. Формы и способы перевода на русский язык
- •Функции в предложении
- •IV. Герундиальная конструкция
- •V. Использование герундия
- •Exercises
- •II. Open the brackets using the gerund in the proper form.
- •III. Supply the correct preposition and the gerund form of the verb in the following sentences.
- •IV. Define the function of the gerund in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •V. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use gerundial constructions instead of subordinate clauses.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the gerund and gerundial constructions.
- •VIII. Form predicative constructions with the gerund out of the elements in brackets.
- •IX. State whether the -ing-form is the gerund or the verbal noun. Explain your reasons. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •X. Read an extract from the novel.
- •I. Translate from Russian into English using the gerund or the constructions.
- •II. Insert the correct preposition before the gerund were required.
- •General review
- •I. Define the non-finite form of the verb and its function. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Compare these pairs of sentences. What is the difference in meaning?
- •III. Complete the sentences using a suitable verb in the correct form.
- •IV. State the grammar phenomena expressed by the -ing-form.
- •V. Complete the following sentences with a suitable verb in the -ing or infinitive form.
- •VI. Use the gerund or the participle in the required form instead of the infinitives in brackets.
- •VII. Define the type of the predicative constructions with non-finite forms of the verb in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Insert “not” or “without” before the -ing-form. Explain your choice and reason.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences into English using non-finite forms of the verb.
- •X. Read an extract from the novel.
- •Final Test
- •I. Using the correct form of the non-finite form of the verb instead of the infinitives in brackets.
- •II Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using non-finite forms of the verb.
- •Литература
Exercises
Define the function of the infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. His dream was to visit foreign countries. 2. To enter the University is not so easy as you think. 3. It was impossible to speak with her. 4.The problem was difficult enough to be solved very quickly. 5. She finished to do her home task late at night. 6. I have nothing to tell you about. 7. This is the article to look trough. 8. We shouldn’t leave him alone as he looks so upset. 9. It was not hard to learn this poem by heart. 10. I want to invite you to the theatre. 11. She lost the hope to learn this language. 12. I found it impossible to betray you. 13. He was so angry as to behave himself. 14. The child was the first to have broken the silence. 15. I just call to say “I love you”. 16. She was the last to be interviewed. 17. To put it mildly, he was not the right man for you. 18. She looked at me as if to be offended. 19. Even to think of it makes me crazy. 20. It is not the thing to be talked over.
Define the type of the adverbial modifier expressed by the infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian.
She is too exited to be clam. 2. The baby is too little to understand your joke. 3. I came into the room to switch on the light. 4. She was so polite as to invite me to her party. 5. He waved his hand as if to stop her. 6. I moved to another place, never to see him again. 7. She is such a baby to accept his joke as a real fact. 8. She put on her new dress so as to look beautiful. 9. He is strong enough to lift these heavy boxes. 10. I am sorry to have told you about it, only to disappoint you.
Complete the following, use the infinitive in the correct form, define the function of the infinitive.
1. To act like this meant ...
2. It will take you ten minutes ...
3. We were not afraid ...
4. He had to work hard (in order) ...
5. There was nothing ...
6. We stopped ...
7. The storm was such as ...
8. It’s easy ...
9. The tourists were lucky...
10. The main problem is...
11. We must hurry (so as not) ...
12. I was too astonished ....
13. She will always find something ...
14. They offer ....
15. I don’t know him well enough ...
Paraphrase the following so as to use the infinitive as attribute.
There was nothing that might keep him at home that night. 2. He is not the man who could betray his friends. 3. This is the play that can be seen only at that theatre. 4. There are so many things that must be done. 5. She had no one whom she could trust. 6. Can you tell your secret to anyone? 7. We could not spare a moment. 8. Can anything be done to help him. 9. Here are the letters that are to be sent by air. 10. He was the last who was taking the exam.
Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the infinitives as an adverbial modifier.
I must hurry, otherwise I should be late. 2. He looked at me as if he was going to tell me something. 3. The mother did not switch on the light lest the child should wake up. 4. His behavior was such that it impressed everybody. 5. The girl waved her hand that her friends might take notice of her. 6. The student was very careful to pronounce every word distinctly for fear of being misunderstood. 7. You must brush up on the material studied, otherwise you could fail the exam. 8. He stood up and went to the door as if he might leave. 9. If you hear him speak, you might think he was right. 10. He must have had a trouble if he had to take a risk like that.
Change the structure of the sentences according to the model.
Model: It is difficult to understand his pronunciation. - His pronunciation is difficult to understand.
It is rather hard to read his handwriting.
It is very pleasant to see him.
It is not easy to answer your question.
It was amusing to watch that play.
It is hard to work with you.
It was difficult to trust him.
It is impossible to explain his behavior.
It was funny to listen to his story.
It is dangerous to leave children alone at home.
It is terrible to stay alone in the forest at night.
Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use the infinitive as object. Mind the form of the infinitives.
Model: I am glad that I have seen this play. - I am glad to have seen this play.
She is lucky because she has such a good family.
We were disappointed when we heard about your failure at the exam.
I am very happy that I have met you.
She was surprised when she didn’t find me at home.
You were right when you hadn’t invited him to the party.
She was angry when she found that the book was missing.
He was very sorry that he couldn’t accompany you.
I am lucky that I have visited England. They were pleased when they heard about my success.
He is disappointed because he can’t read English books in the original.
You were very kind that you gave me that advice.