- •М.Ю. Кладова Вербалии и вербальные конструкции в английском языке
- •2002 Г.
- •Оглавление
- •Неличные формы глагола.
- •Инфинитив
- •I. Инфинитив
- •II. Использование инфинитива без частицы “to”.
- •Exercises.
- •IV. State the form of infinitive in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.
- •V. Use the infinitives in brackets in the required form.
- •VI. Insert the particle “to” where necessary.
- •VII. Translation into English
- •III. Функции инфинитива в предложении.
- •Exercises
- •VIII. Make up sentences so as to use the infinitive as predicative.
- •X. Paraphrase the following using a noun instead of the underlined verb with the infinitive as attribute, make all necessary changes.
- •Test yourselves
- •Nightwork (by I. Show.) An Extract.
- •IV. Инфинитивные конструкции
- •V. Объектная инфинитивная конструкция
- •Exercises
- •Insert the particle “to” in objective infinitive constructions where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •V. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use objective infinitive constructions instead of the object clauses.
- •VI. Complete the following sentences so as to use objective infinitive constructions.
- •VIII. Read the text.
- •Theatre (by s. Maughm) An Extract
- •VI. Субъектная инфинитивная конструкция.
- •Exercises
- •Insert the particle “to” where required in the following sentences with objective and subjective infinitive constructions. Explain your choice.
- •The picture of Dorian Gray (by Oscar Wild) An Extract
- •VII. Инфинитивная конструкция с предлогом “for”. (For-to-Infinitive Construction)
- •Exercises
- •II. Construct For-to-Infinitive constructions using words in brackets in the appropriate form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Define the type of the infinitive constructions in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Paraphrase the following so as to use various infinitive constructions instead of the subordinate clauses.
- •Nightwork (by I. Shaw) An Extract
- •Test yourselves
- •Insert particle "to" before the infinitive where required.
- •Test-paper
- •Причастие
- •Определение и формы.
- •Грамматические категории причастия
- •Функции причастия I в предложении
- •Функции причастия II в предложении
- •Exercises
- •I. Define the form of the participles.
- •II. Translate the word-combinations with participles into Russian and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •III. Define the function of the participles in the following sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Open the brackets using the correct form of participles.
- •V. Replace the clauses by the constructions with participles.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into English using participles in different functions.
- •VII. Read the text.
- •V. Причастные конструкции
- •Exercises
- •I. Find the objective participle constructions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Find the subjective participle constructions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •III. Find nominative absolute participle constructions in the following sentences. Define the functions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Paraphrase the following sentences, using participle constructions instead of adverbial clauses.
- •V. Paraphrase the following sentences, using adverbial clauses instead of participle constructions.
- •VI. Define the type of participle constructions in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Find absolute constructions without a participle in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into English, using participial constructions.
- •IX. Read the extract from the novel.
- •I. Define the function of Participles. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Test II
- •Герундий
- •Определение и грамматические характеристики
- •II. Формы и способы перевода на русский язык
- •Функции в предложении
- •IV. Герундиальная конструкция
- •V. Использование герундия
- •Exercises
- •II. Open the brackets using the gerund in the proper form.
- •III. Supply the correct preposition and the gerund form of the verb in the following sentences.
- •IV. Define the function of the gerund in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •V. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use gerundial constructions instead of subordinate clauses.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the gerund and gerundial constructions.
- •VIII. Form predicative constructions with the gerund out of the elements in brackets.
- •IX. State whether the -ing-form is the gerund or the verbal noun. Explain your reasons. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •X. Read an extract from the novel.
- •I. Translate from Russian into English using the gerund or the constructions.
- •II. Insert the correct preposition before the gerund were required.
- •General review
- •I. Define the non-finite form of the verb and its function. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Compare these pairs of sentences. What is the difference in meaning?
- •III. Complete the sentences using a suitable verb in the correct form.
- •IV. State the grammar phenomena expressed by the -ing-form.
- •V. Complete the following sentences with a suitable verb in the -ing or infinitive form.
- •VI. Use the gerund or the participle in the required form instead of the infinitives in brackets.
- •VII. Define the type of the predicative constructions with non-finite forms of the verb in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Insert “not” or “without” before the -ing-form. Explain your choice and reason.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences into English using non-finite forms of the verb.
- •X. Read an extract from the novel.
- •Final Test
- •I. Using the correct form of the non-finite form of the verb instead of the infinitives in brackets.
- •II Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using non-finite forms of the verb.
- •Литература
VI. Define the type of participle constructions in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. John admired her playing the violin. 2. They’ve got me cornered. 3. The door of the room being open. 4. It being hot, we went to the beach. 5. The tourists were seen climbing the mountains. 6. I had my linen washed in the laundry. 7. The students sat in a big room, with the teacher delivering the lecture. 8. Circumstances permitting, we shall go abroad next year. 9. I consider him involved in this shady deal. 10. He could fell her tears dropping on his shoulder.
VII. Find absolute constructions without a participle in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Dinner over, the children immediately went to bed. 2. He missed her greatly, his heart full of melancholy. 3. He stood in the room, his cap in his hands. 4. I found her ready and looking at me, with a bunch of flowers in her hands. 5. She was sitting in the table, with her back towards the door.
VIII. Translate the following sentences into English, using participial constructions.
1. Я люблю слушать, как птицы поют в саду. 2. Он медленно шел по улице, и его тяжелые шаги эхом раздавались в тишине. 3. Я наблюдал, как воробьи купались в луже. 4. Бабушка сидела на диване, а котенок свернулся калачиком у нее на коленях. 5. Слышали, как они что-то бурно обсуждали. 6. Если погода будет благоприятной, мы начнем раскопки завтра. 7. Так как вечер был прохладный, мы решили остаться дома. 8. Прохожие видели, как полицейские преследовали преступника. 9. Было слышно, как в соседней комнате работал телевизор. 10. Вы можете заказать себе одежду за границей.
IX. Read the extract from the novel.
Find sentences with participles. Define their functions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
Find sentences with participial constructions. Define the type of the construction. Translate the sentences into Russian.
Translate the hole extract into Russian.
Retell the extract so as to use as many participles and constructions as possible.
“The Earth And All It Holds”
by V.J. Banis (An Extract)
Not even the Barbary Coast was immune to the special glow of Christmas. Indeed, the tawdry and often tragic circumstances in which its inhabitants lived seemed to lend a special poignancy to the season. Children begged a few pennies ‘for the sake of the dear Lord’, and woman who seldom ventured out in the light of day could be seen bustling from shop to stall, their arms loaded with gaily wrapped packages and their faces aglow with childlike pleasure. From the churches further uptown the bells pealed their special songs, and hardy bands of carolers invaded the saloons themselves, often leaving with their hats filled with coins.
Jolene found herself looking back with awe on the events of the past twelve months. It had been a year ago New Year’s Eve, at her parents’ house, that she and Philip had announced their engagement. How long ago it seemed!
Test I
I. Define the function of Participles. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
It was a pleasant room overlooking the garden.
Turning to his sister, he grasped her hand.
I was sitting at the desk for a long time, lost in thought.
Embarrassed he didn’t know what to say.
Coming out of the dinning-room, we met other people.
He shook his head in a dissatisfied manner.
The people surrounding him were his friends.
Having reached the classroom, she become the object of many questions.
The boy was punished because of a broken cup.
While waiting for her, he watched the people passing by.
He stood immovable, attracted by her beauty.
Though punished, he didn’t feel guilty.
Generally speaking, I didn’t believe him.
She stood as if thinking about thinking.
The flowers faded, being kept without water for a long time.
Define the type of the participle construction. Translate the sentences from English to Russian.
He could hear her playing piano.
They were heard discussing that problem.
She had her test written.
This duty completed, he had three months’ leave.
The chief wants his stuff done everything in time.
It being very late, we left the party.
They were walking along the street, with John speaking loudly.
He looked at her, his heart full of strange emotion.
The old man spoke with me, with his pipe in his mouth.
I consider him involved in this love-affair.