- •М.Ю. Кладова Вербалии и вербальные конструкции в английском языке
- •2002 Г.
- •Оглавление
- •Неличные формы глагола.
- •Инфинитив
- •I. Инфинитив
- •II. Использование инфинитива без частицы “to”.
- •Exercises.
- •IV. State the form of infinitive in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.
- •V. Use the infinitives in brackets in the required form.
- •VI. Insert the particle “to” where necessary.
- •VII. Translation into English
- •III. Функции инфинитива в предложении.
- •Exercises
- •VIII. Make up sentences so as to use the infinitive as predicative.
- •X. Paraphrase the following using a noun instead of the underlined verb with the infinitive as attribute, make all necessary changes.
- •Test yourselves
- •Nightwork (by I. Show.) An Extract.
- •IV. Инфинитивные конструкции
- •V. Объектная инфинитивная конструкция
- •Exercises
- •Insert the particle “to” in objective infinitive constructions where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •V. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use objective infinitive constructions instead of the object clauses.
- •VI. Complete the following sentences so as to use objective infinitive constructions.
- •VIII. Read the text.
- •Theatre (by s. Maughm) An Extract
- •VI. Субъектная инфинитивная конструкция.
- •Exercises
- •Insert the particle “to” where required in the following sentences with objective and subjective infinitive constructions. Explain your choice.
- •The picture of Dorian Gray (by Oscar Wild) An Extract
- •VII. Инфинитивная конструкция с предлогом “for”. (For-to-Infinitive Construction)
- •Exercises
- •II. Construct For-to-Infinitive constructions using words in brackets in the appropriate form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Define the type of the infinitive constructions in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Paraphrase the following so as to use various infinitive constructions instead of the subordinate clauses.
- •Nightwork (by I. Shaw) An Extract
- •Test yourselves
- •Insert particle "to" before the infinitive where required.
- •Test-paper
- •Причастие
- •Определение и формы.
- •Грамматические категории причастия
- •Функции причастия I в предложении
- •Функции причастия II в предложении
- •Exercises
- •I. Define the form of the participles.
- •II. Translate the word-combinations with participles into Russian and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •III. Define the function of the participles in the following sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Open the brackets using the correct form of participles.
- •V. Replace the clauses by the constructions with participles.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into English using participles in different functions.
- •VII. Read the text.
- •V. Причастные конструкции
- •Exercises
- •I. Find the objective participle constructions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Find the subjective participle constructions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •III. Find nominative absolute participle constructions in the following sentences. Define the functions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Paraphrase the following sentences, using participle constructions instead of adverbial clauses.
- •V. Paraphrase the following sentences, using adverbial clauses instead of participle constructions.
- •VI. Define the type of participle constructions in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Find absolute constructions without a participle in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into English, using participial constructions.
- •IX. Read the extract from the novel.
- •I. Define the function of Participles. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Test II
- •Герундий
- •Определение и грамматические характеристики
- •II. Формы и способы перевода на русский язык
- •Функции в предложении
- •IV. Герундиальная конструкция
- •V. Использование герундия
- •Exercises
- •II. Open the brackets using the gerund in the proper form.
- •III. Supply the correct preposition and the gerund form of the verb in the following sentences.
- •IV. Define the function of the gerund in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •V. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use gerundial constructions instead of subordinate clauses.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the gerund and gerundial constructions.
- •VIII. Form predicative constructions with the gerund out of the elements in brackets.
- •IX. State whether the -ing-form is the gerund or the verbal noun. Explain your reasons. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •X. Read an extract from the novel.
- •I. Translate from Russian into English using the gerund or the constructions.
- •II. Insert the correct preposition before the gerund were required.
- •General review
- •I. Define the non-finite form of the verb and its function. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Compare these pairs of sentences. What is the difference in meaning?
- •III. Complete the sentences using a suitable verb in the correct form.
- •IV. State the grammar phenomena expressed by the -ing-form.
- •V. Complete the following sentences with a suitable verb in the -ing or infinitive form.
- •VI. Use the gerund or the participle in the required form instead of the infinitives in brackets.
- •VII. Define the type of the predicative constructions with non-finite forms of the verb in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Insert “not” or “without” before the -ing-form. Explain your choice and reason.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences into English using non-finite forms of the verb.
- •X. Read an extract from the novel.
- •Final Test
- •I. Using the correct form of the non-finite form of the verb instead of the infinitives in brackets.
- •II Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using non-finite forms of the verb.
- •Литература
VI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the gerund and gerundial constructions.
1. Прогулки в лесу очень полезны. 2. Когда вы закончите ссориться? 3. Ты не возражаешь, если я ей все расскажу? 4. Его пение стоит послушать. 5. Ребенку бесполезно объяснять подобные вещи. 6. Новый метод обучения был очень продуктивным. 7. Я против, чтобы ты вмешивался в это дело. 8. Он вошел в кабинет, не дожидаясь разрешения. 9. Просматривая газету, он наткнулся на интересный заголовок. 10. Мы бы до сих пор не пришли к соглашению, если бы он не был таким уступчивым. 11. Услышав крик о помощи, все бросились на улицу. 12. Было мало надежды на то, что он поправиться. 13. Я не настаиваю на твоем возвращении. 14. Ему нравится коллекционировать марки. 15. Вы не можете отправить эти вещи без соответствующей упаковки.
VII. Make up your own sentences using the following phrases with the gerund: cannot help smiling, to miss an opportunity of attending, to give up the idea of visiting, not to like the idea of coming, to look forward to participating, to be guilty of having said, to be proud of being accepted, to be worth playing.
Add some phrases of the same kind and make up your own sentences or situations.
VIII. Form predicative constructions with the gerund out of the elements in brackets.
1. I did not ask her what kept (she, to think) about her past. 2. It’s not good (you, to spend) so much time working. 3. I couldn’t stop (she, to come here). 4. Will you object to (me, to accompany) you to the party. 5. You are to blame for (I, to miss) the train. 6. There was still a chance of (Mary, to come). 7. He disapproves of (women, to smoke) in the street. 8. You don’t seem to mind (they, to be) late. 9. What is the reason of (he, to behave) in such a way. 10. I was awakened by the sound of (someone, to shore).
IX. State whether the -ing-form is the gerund or the verbal noun. Explain your reasons. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Everyone can make his own living by working hard. 2. On seeing her article in the newspaper, I could come to the understanding of its idea. 3. We were very close to a beginning of new relations without noticing it. 4. The might was so quiet that we could hear the rustling of the leaves. 5. The most striking thing about her was her sense of humour. 6. He hadn’t time for worrying about the weather. 7. The meeting was very useful without saying more. 8. Does this word have any other meaning? 9. The artist has finished painting the picture. 10. The painting of this artist are beautiful.
X. Read an extract from the novel.
Define the type of the -ing-forms. Prove your reasons.
State the functions of the -ing-forms.
Translate the sentences the -ing-formed words into Russian.
Translate the whole extract into Russian.
Retell the extract using gerunds, participles and verbal-nouns.
“Nightwork” by Irwin Shaw
(An Extract)
At dinner that night, there were only four of us. Lily, Eunice, Fabian, and myself. As unostentatiously as possible, I kept studying Eunice, trying to imagine what it would be like sitting across the breakfast table from her ten years from now, twenty years from now. Imagining sharing a bottle of port with her without, who hunted three times a week. Standing at the baptismal font with her, as our children were christened. Miles Fabian as godfather? Visiting our son at what it would be - Eton? All I knew about English public schools had been gleaned from books by men like Kipling, Waugh, Orwell, Connolly. I decided against Eton.
The few days of skiing had given Eunice’s complexion a pretty flush, summery colors. She was wearing a figured silk dress that clung to her figure. Buxom today, would she be stately later? The old saw had it, as Fabian had pointed out, that it was just as easy to love a rich girl as a poor one. But was it?
The sight and sound of her and Lily surrounded by lolling, arrogant young men (at least they seemed so to me) at the table with the magnum of champagne on it had made me flee from the bar. There was no denying that she was a pretty girl, and there would undoubtedly always be young men of that caliber and class in attendance. How would I take that if she were my wife?
Test