6. Переведите предложения с Simple Passive.

1. These skills are divided into seven different cat­egories.

2. The deci­sions are required to carry out any organizational activity.

3. What objectives and goals must be reached?

4. What strategy must be implemented?

5. What resources must be used and how they must be distrib­uted?

6. What kind of control is needed?

7. A number of different terms (терминов) are used instead (вместо) of the term «manager».

8. Resources will be converted into goods and services.

9. Most first-line man­agers are former operating employees who were promoted into management.

10. Standard operating procedure is developed by middle managers.

Чтение текста

7. Прочтите устно текст о сути профессии менеджера, обратив внимание на перевод:

1) предложений с Simple Passive в абзаце №1;

2) предложений с герундием в абзаце № 2;

3) предложения с бессоюзным придаточным в абзаце № 3;

4) предложения с инфинитивом в функции обстоятельства цели в абзацах № 3, 4.

Пояснения к тексту

to manage (v) – manager (n) – management (n)- managerial (a)

instead of (prp) – вместо

profit-making organization - коммерческая организация

in the broad meaning - в широком смысле

the term applies-термин относится к....

to involve (v) – включать

uncertainty (n) – неопределенность

variety (n) [vә'raiәti] - разнообразие, многообразие

in terms of these general functions – с точки зрения этих функций

a lot = much

relatively (adv) - относительно

to be to = must

to have to = must

preference (n) - предпочтение

to occupy the position – занимать должность

authority - полномочия

to delegate – поручать

initia­tive (n) [ini∫әtiv] - инициатива

that is – то есть

What Is a Manager?

A number of different terms are often used instead of the term «manager», including «director», «admin­istrator» and «president». The term «manager» is used more frequently in profit-making organizations, while the others are used more widely in government and non-profit organizations such as universities, hospi­tals and social work agencies.

So, what is a «manager»? In its broad meaning the term «managers» applies to the people who are responsible for making and car­rying out decisions within a certain system. A person­nel manager is in charge of hiring, training and appraising the employees. A financial manager is a person who is responsi­ble for finance. An operations manager coordinates the production of goods and services. A marketing manager is busy with advertising, promotion and sales. So, management is a variety of specific activities including planning, organizing, coordi­nating, directing and controlling at different managerial levels.

Almost everything a manager does involves deci­sion making. When a problem exists, a manager has to make a decision to solve it. In decision-making there is always some uncertainty and risk. Managing is a responsible and hard job. There is a lot to be done and relatively little time to do it. In all types of organizations managerial efficiency depends on manager’s analytic, administrative and interpersonal skills, hard work and preference for active tasks.

The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she occupies. Managers, for example, are re­sponsible for leading the people who are called subordinates or operating employees. To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right to take decisions and give orders. Managers often dele­gate authority. It means that operating employees can use their initia­tive that is make decisions without asking their man­ager (290 слов)