VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на способы перевода Ved, Ving, to V.

To read new data from the computer it is necessary to use output devices representing peripherals.
While reading new data output devices allow the user to get the required information.
By reading new data from the computer the user gets useful information created on manipulating various facts.
The computer system consists of some parts including processor and memory used to manipulate data, transforming it into useful information.
The CPU containing some chips located on a circuit board called a motherboard performs all manipulating functions.
The operations to be performed by the processor are connected with transforming data into information used for different purposes.
Hardware consisting of interconnected electronic devices is used to control the computer’s operation including manipulating this data.
Software containing a set of programs developed for telling the computer what to do is created by programmers.
When processing data the computer consisting of a number of devices called hardware performs the operations of converting this data into useful information.
The memory performs storing functions but processing the data is carried out by the CPU represented by a set of chips to be located on the motherboard.

РАБОТА НАД ЧТЕНИЕМ И УСТНОЙ РЕЧЬЮ

Обратите внимание на принципы перевода следующих терминов.

memory chip – чип / микросхема (какой?) с памятью
start-up instructions – команды (какие?) запуска
hardware devices – устройства (какие?) аппаратного обеспечения
read-write memory – память (какая?) чтения и записи
DRAM chips – чипы / микросхемы (какие?) динамической памяти

I. Прочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы Ved, Ving, to V в предложениях. Memory

Physically, memory consists of chips either on the motherboard or on a small circuit board attached to the motherboard. This electronic memory allows the CPU to store and retrieve data quickly.

There are two types of built-in memory used in a computer. Some memory chips always retain the data which they hold, even when the computer is turned off. This type of memory is called nonvolatile. Other chips – in fact, most of the memory – lose their contents when the computer’s power is switched off. These chips have volatile memory.

Read-only memory

To store data permanently you need nonvolatile memory. It is used to keep the same data that cannot be changed. During normal use the data in this kind of memory is only read and used – so the memory is called read-only memory (ROM).

What is the reason to create ROM? It is because the computer must know what to do when the power is first turned on. ROM is required to start up the computer. It contains a set of start-up instructions for ensuring that the rest of memory is functioning properly as well as for checking hardware devices and operating system.

Random-access memory

Memory that can be instantly changed is called read-write memory or random-access memory (RAM). Its purpose is to hold programs and data while they are in use. To run a program you should load it into RAM. Data used by the program is also loaded into it for fast access. On entering new data into the computer you keep it in RAM as well – but only temporarily. Data is both written to and read from this memory. As usual the term «memory» is commonly used to mean RAM.

Onе of the most important factors affecting the speed and power of a computer is the amount of RAM. Generally, the more RAM a computer has, the more it can do and the faster it can perform certain tasks.

There are two types of RAM. These are dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). DRAM chips are recharged many times each second, or they will lose their contents. SRAM, on the other hand, doesn’t need to be recharged so often and can hold its contents longer than DRAM. Consequently, SRAM is more expensive than DRAM and it is not used so frequently in PCs.

II. Выделите из текста общую информацию о внутренней памяти и ответьте на следующие вопросы.