- •Предисловие
- •1. The Compound sentence
- •1.1. State the type of coordination in the following sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Insert the most appropriate conjunction. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.3. Translate into English. Use the inverted word order.
- •1.4. Comment on the means of connection in the following compound sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Insert the necessary conjunctions and comment upon them. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.6. Complete the sentences using different types of coordination. Be specific.
- •1.7. Translate into English.
- •1.8. Complete the following sentences.
- •The complex sentence
- •2. The Types of subordination
- •2.2. Define whether the subordination is parallel or consecutive. Name the types of clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3. Subject clauses
- •3.1. Point out the subject clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Translate into English using the corresponding emphatic constructions.
- •3.3. Complete the sentences.
- •3.4. Answer the following sentences using the “emphatic it.”
- •4. Predicative clauses
- •4.1. Point out the predicative clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •4.2. Complete the sentences using predicative clauses.
- •4.3. Translate into English using predicative clauses.
- •5. Object clauses
- •5.1. Point out the object clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •5.2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •5.3. Paraphrase the sentences with object clauses to use inverted word order in the principal clause.
- •5.4. Define what types of clauses are introduced by what. Translate into Russian.
- •6. Attributive clauses
- •6.1. Point out the appositive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the connective.
- •6.2. Complete the sentences with an appropriate antecedent.
- •6.3. Point out the relative restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.4. Translate into English.
- •6.5. Insert the appropriate article.
- •6.6. Complete the sentences by using a particularizing clause.
- •6.7. Complete the sentences by using a classifying clause with the antecedent given in italics.
- •6.8. Point out the relative non-restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.9. Point out the relative clauses. Decide if they are restrictive or non-restrictive and punctuate accordingly. Translate into Russian.
- •6.10. Point out the continuative clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.11. Complete the sentences with a suitable attributive clause.
- •6.12. Define the type of attributive clauses (appositive, limiting, non-limiting, continuative). Translate into Russian.
- •6.13. Complete the sentences.
- •6.14. Insert the appropriate linking word. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •6.15. Transform the sentences with the help of attributive clauses.
- •6.16. Translate into English using attributive clauses.
- •6.17. Complete the sentences with who, whom, which or that. Define the type of the clauses. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •7. ADverbial clauses
- •7.1. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •7.2. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of time.
- •7.3. Fill in the gaps with by, by the time, until.
- •7.4. Translate into English using the correct verb form.
- •7.5. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.6. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.7. Join the sentences using the purpose word given.
- •7.8. Translate into English using adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.9. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.10. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.11. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.12. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.13. Underline the correct item.
- •7.14. Define the type of conditional sentence. Translate into Russian.
- •7.15. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.16. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.17. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.19. Fill in the gaps.
- •7.20. Complete the missing parts of the sentences.
- •7.21. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.22. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.23. Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.24. Fill in the correct word.
- •7.25. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •7.26. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •8. Parenthetical clauses
- •8.1. Point out the parenthetical clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •8.2. Paraphrase each two simple sentences into one complex with a parenthetical clause.
- •9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses
- •9.1. Analyse the following sentences with mutually subordinated clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •9.2. Insert the verb in the correct form.
- •9.3. Translate into English.
- •10. Appended clauses
- •10.1. Analyse the following sentences with appended clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •10.2. Complete the flowing sentences.
- •11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses
- •11.1. Analyse the clauses with implied condition or concession. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Grammatical homonyms
- •12.1. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with with. Translate into Russian.
- •12.2. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with as if. Translate into Russian.
- •12.3. Is the underlined word an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction, or an adverb? To what semantic group does it belong? Single out homonymous parts of speech.
- •13. Connectives
- •13.1. Point out the connectives and analyse them. Translate into Russian.
- •13.2. Insert the most appropriate connectives. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •13.3. Use whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, whichever, however.
- •13.4. Comment upon the way of introducing the sub-clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •13.5. Join the sentences, then identify the function of the linking words in brackets.
- •13.6. Replace the underlined words with synonymous ones.
- •13.7. Complete the sentences using an appropriate linking word.
- •14. Inversion
- •14.1. Explain the cases of inversion n the following sentences.
- •14.2. Complete each sentence with an appropriate phrase.
- •14.3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •14.4. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase containing the verb in brackets in an appropriate form.
- •14.5. Emphasize the underlined phrases using the inverted words order.
- •15. Revision
- •15.1. Analyse the following sentences. Define the types of the subordinate clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •15.2. Translate into English.
- •15.3. Combine the two sentences into one sentence using so, so that, because (of), since, as.
- •15.4. Translate into English.
- •Appendix 1. Texts for analysis Text 1
- •(Jackie Walters. Why is English the international lingua franca?)
- •Appendix 2. Glossary
- •List or recommended books
1.5. Insert the necessary conjunctions and comment upon them. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
A light in heaven indeed shone on me, ............ there were constant star shells.
Alison was always female; ........... she never betrayed her gender.
He even smiled, ............... the ape eyes became almost squirrel eyes.
I began to get some sort of harmony between body and mind; .......... so it seemed.
I might plunge and flare; .......... she held the string.
One or two of the masters spoke some English, .................. I found little in common with them.
She didn’t fall for the solitary heart; .................... she had a nose for emotional blackmail.
She hadn’t been there, .................. everybody said so.
She must have been bringing down the goats, .............. she was singing wildly.
The ancient Greeks said that if one slept a night on Parnassus either one became inspired .............. one went mad.
The eyes were faintly Oriental, long, ............. as I saw, for Conchis put a hand over the mouth, also smiling.
The island dialect was difficult, ................. I couldn’t understand a word.
We are forever isolated, .............. so it appears, in our little bubble of time.
You put bars on your windows, ........... you lie awake at night worrying.
1.6. Complete the sentences using different types of coordination. Be specific.
1. I (do not) detest getting up early ….
2. I would (not) like to be presented with an apartment in a quite neighbourhood …
3. I have never tried (I have tried) hang-gliding…
4. Summers in the North-West of Russia are not hot ….
5. We will graduate this summer ….
6. Fast food is junk and high in carbohydrates….
1.7. Translate into English.
1. Ей не слишком-то нравилась идея иметь Рона в качестве партнера в танце, ее темные глаза пристально рассматривали потрепанные рукава и воротничок его костюма. 2. Гарри и Рон встретились с Гермионой в общем холле, они отправились на завтрак вместе. 3. Левый носок был ярко-красным и с рисунками летающих метел, правый носок был зеленым с изображением снитчей. Это была ложь, он вообще ничего не покупал для Добби. 4. Странно, секунду назад его внутренности скручивались словно змеи, но вдруг ему показалось, что у него вообще ничего нет внутри. 5. Ему было тяжело сконцентрироваться на тесте Снейпа по зельям, что привело к тому, что он забыл добавить самый важный ингредиент. 6. Никто не притворялся, что очень расстроен из-за произошедшего с Риддлами, так как они совсем не вызывали восхищение. 7. Пигвиджн был слишком маленьким, чтобы самому унести целый окорок в горы, поэтому Гарри обратился к помощи двух школьных сипух. 8. Она в подробностях рассказал нам, что случилось на дне озера, поэтому мы решили снять по 50 баллов с каждого чемпиона. 9. Они сказали ему, что им придется урезать его карманные деньги, если он будет продолжать в том же духе, поэтому он действительно разозлился и вышвырнул свой Play Station. 10. Рон и Гермиона должны были готовиться к экзаменам, но они вкладывали большую часть своих сил, помогая Гарри подготовиться. 11. Дамблдор не выглядел злым, однако в его голосе чувствовалась завершенность, которая подсказывала Гарри, что пора уходить. 12. Виктор Крам не полностью использовал заклинание Преобразования, несмотря на это, оно оказалось эффективным. 13. Затем какое-то время он бродил в воде, усердно думая, в то время как Миртл сидела и наблюдала за ним. 14. Он (голос) тоже принадлежал мужчине – но он был каким-то странно высоким и таким же холодным, как порыв ледяного ветра. 15. Не двигайся, иначе я убью тебя! Или ты пойдешь туда, или я все расскажу Дамблдору. 16. Это что-то с моими глазами, или все стало зеленым? 17. Его разбудил приступ страха, или, может это, была боль от шрама? 18. Гермионы не было ни на ужине, ни в библиотеке, когда они отправились искать ее. 19. Он был одет в длинную черную мантию, а позади головы виднелся тощий лоскут. 20. Состоятельный мужчина не жил в доме и никак не использовал его. 21. Передняя дверь дома Риддла не выглядела взломанной, так же как и окна не казались таковыми. 22. Никто в деревне не видел сколько-нибудь похожего мальчика, и полиция была абсолютно уверена, что Фрэнк все выдумал.