- •Предисловие
- •1. The Compound sentence
- •1.1. State the type of coordination in the following sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Insert the most appropriate conjunction. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.3. Translate into English. Use the inverted word order.
- •1.4. Comment on the means of connection in the following compound sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Insert the necessary conjunctions and comment upon them. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.6. Complete the sentences using different types of coordination. Be specific.
- •1.7. Translate into English.
- •1.8. Complete the following sentences.
- •The complex sentence
- •2. The Types of subordination
- •2.2. Define whether the subordination is parallel or consecutive. Name the types of clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3. Subject clauses
- •3.1. Point out the subject clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Translate into English using the corresponding emphatic constructions.
- •3.3. Complete the sentences.
- •3.4. Answer the following sentences using the “emphatic it.”
- •4. Predicative clauses
- •4.1. Point out the predicative clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •4.2. Complete the sentences using predicative clauses.
- •4.3. Translate into English using predicative clauses.
- •5. Object clauses
- •5.1. Point out the object clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •5.2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •5.3. Paraphrase the sentences with object clauses to use inverted word order in the principal clause.
- •5.4. Define what types of clauses are introduced by what. Translate into Russian.
- •6. Attributive clauses
- •6.1. Point out the appositive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the connective.
- •6.2. Complete the sentences with an appropriate antecedent.
- •6.3. Point out the relative restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.4. Translate into English.
- •6.5. Insert the appropriate article.
- •6.6. Complete the sentences by using a particularizing clause.
- •6.7. Complete the sentences by using a classifying clause with the antecedent given in italics.
- •6.8. Point out the relative non-restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.9. Point out the relative clauses. Decide if they are restrictive or non-restrictive and punctuate accordingly. Translate into Russian.
- •6.10. Point out the continuative clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.11. Complete the sentences with a suitable attributive clause.
- •6.12. Define the type of attributive clauses (appositive, limiting, non-limiting, continuative). Translate into Russian.
- •6.13. Complete the sentences.
- •6.14. Insert the appropriate linking word. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •6.15. Transform the sentences with the help of attributive clauses.
- •6.16. Translate into English using attributive clauses.
- •6.17. Complete the sentences with who, whom, which or that. Define the type of the clauses. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •7. ADverbial clauses
- •7.1. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •7.2. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of time.
- •7.3. Fill in the gaps with by, by the time, until.
- •7.4. Translate into English using the correct verb form.
- •7.5. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.6. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.7. Join the sentences using the purpose word given.
- •7.8. Translate into English using adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.9. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.10. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.11. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.12. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.13. Underline the correct item.
- •7.14. Define the type of conditional sentence. Translate into Russian.
- •7.15. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.16. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.17. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.19. Fill in the gaps.
- •7.20. Complete the missing parts of the sentences.
- •7.21. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.22. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.23. Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.24. Fill in the correct word.
- •7.25. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •7.26. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •8. Parenthetical clauses
- •8.1. Point out the parenthetical clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •8.2. Paraphrase each two simple sentences into one complex with a parenthetical clause.
- •9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses
- •9.1. Analyse the following sentences with mutually subordinated clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •9.2. Insert the verb in the correct form.
- •9.3. Translate into English.
- •10. Appended clauses
- •10.1. Analyse the following sentences with appended clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •10.2. Complete the flowing sentences.
- •11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses
- •11.1. Analyse the clauses with implied condition or concession. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Grammatical homonyms
- •12.1. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with with. Translate into Russian.
- •12.2. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with as if. Translate into Russian.
- •12.3. Is the underlined word an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction, or an adverb? To what semantic group does it belong? Single out homonymous parts of speech.
- •13. Connectives
- •13.1. Point out the connectives and analyse them. Translate into Russian.
- •13.2. Insert the most appropriate connectives. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •13.3. Use whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, whichever, however.
- •13.4. Comment upon the way of introducing the sub-clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •13.5. Join the sentences, then identify the function of the linking words in brackets.
- •13.6. Replace the underlined words with synonymous ones.
- •13.7. Complete the sentences using an appropriate linking word.
- •14. Inversion
- •14.1. Explain the cases of inversion n the following sentences.
- •14.2. Complete each sentence with an appropriate phrase.
- •14.3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •14.4. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase containing the verb in brackets in an appropriate form.
- •14.5. Emphasize the underlined phrases using the inverted words order.
- •15. Revision
- •15.1. Analyse the following sentences. Define the types of the subordinate clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •15.2. Translate into English.
- •15.3. Combine the two sentences into one sentence using so, so that, because (of), since, as.
- •15.4. Translate into English.
- •Appendix 1. Texts for analysis Text 1
- •(Jackie Walters. Why is English the international lingua franca?)
- •Appendix 2. Glossary
- •List or recommended books
7.25. Find the mistakes and correct them.
Despite she was fastened with the seat-belt, she was still seriously injured.
For he was so ambitious he became very successful.
Leave me your number in case I will decide to hire you.
I am so sleepy I feel as if I haven’t slept for months.
He installed the burgling alarm for fear someone broke into his garage.
Set your alarm clock for 7.00 so not to oversleep.
I’ll learn French when I’ll graduate.
I will not leave until you will tell me the truth.
I’ve got such little time that I’m very nervous
In spite of he did sport, he was not very healthy.
It was so a delicious dish he asked for a second helping.
Let’s stay here by the time the cafe is closed.
We work much with a view to get a pay-rise.
Generous nevertheless she appears, she’s in fact a miser.
7.26. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
1. Their eyes slid from the big book shop on one side to the record shop on the other as if they couldn’t see the Leaky Cauldron at all. 2. I wouldn’t be surprised if you turn out better than Charlie Weasley, and he could have played for England if he hadn’t gone off chasing dragons. 3. None of you is to move while I take this boy to the hospital wing! 4. “CAR CRASH!” roared Hagrid, jumping up so angrily that the Dursleys scuttled back to their corner. 5. Everywhere Harry went, people pointed and didn’t trouble to lower their voices as they insulted him. 6. As they entered November, the weather turned very cold. 7. Harry nodded, but stopped quickly, because it made his head hurt.8. He didn’t see the owls swooping past in broad daylight, though people down in the street did; they pointed and gazed open-mouthed as owl after owl sped overhead. 9. He sat and stared at Harry for a few moments, then, as though he had suddenly realised what he was doing, he looked quickly out of the window again. 10. Before Ron could say another word, Hermione had disappeared. 11. If they won their next match, against Hufflepuff, they would overtake Slytherin in the House Championship for the first time in seven years. 12. They piled so much homework on them that the Easter holidays weren’t nearly as much fun as the Christmas ones. 13. When he woke early next morning, however, the first thing he saw was a small pile of packages at the foot of his bed. 14. Harry didn’t know whether he was imagining it or not, but he seemed to keep running into Snape wherever he went. 15. If you ever do run across it, you will now be prepared. 16. Like Hagrid, Fang was clearly not as fierce as he looked. 17. Dumbledore gave his wand a little flick as if he was trying to get a fly off the end and a long golden ribbon flew out of it, which rose high above the tables and twisted itself snake-like into words. 18. Harry took out his wand in case Malfoy leapt in and started at once. 18. Not a scar, no visible sign … to have been loved so deeply, even though the person who loved us is gone, will give us some protection for ever. 19. He clicked it once and twelve balls of light sped back to their street lamps so that Privet Drive glowed suddenly orange and he could make out a tabby cat slinking around the corner at the other end of the street. 20. Harry, relax, Hermione’s right, the Stone’s safe as long as Dumbledore’s around. 21. If Snape had been in on protecting the Stone, it must have been easy to find out how the other teachers had guarded it. 22. Since then, I have served him faithfully, although I have let him down many times. 23. The door was hit with such force that it swung clean off its hinges and with a deafening crash landed flat on the floor. 24. For one thing, when Seamus Finnigan asked eagerly to hear how Quirrell had fought off the zombie, Quirrell went pink and started talking about the weather; for another, they had noticed that a funny smell hung around the turban, and the Weasley twins insisted that it was stuffed full of garlic as well, so that Quirrell was protected wherever he went. 25. He was careful to walk a little way apart from the Dursleys so that Dudley and Piers, who were starting to get bored with the animals by lunch-time, wouldn’t fall back on their favourite hobby of hitting him. 26. These fantastic crackers were nothing like the feeble Muggle ones the Dursleys usually bought, with their little plastic toys and their flimsy paper hats. 27. Wherever he was, Filch must know a short cut, because his soft, greasy voice was getting nearer, and to his horror, it was Snape who replied.