- •Предисловие
- •1. The Compound sentence
- •1.1. State the type of coordination in the following sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Insert the most appropriate conjunction. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.3. Translate into English. Use the inverted word order.
- •1.4. Comment on the means of connection in the following compound sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Insert the necessary conjunctions and comment upon them. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.6. Complete the sentences using different types of coordination. Be specific.
- •1.7. Translate into English.
- •1.8. Complete the following sentences.
- •The complex sentence
- •2. The Types of subordination
- •2.2. Define whether the subordination is parallel or consecutive. Name the types of clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3. Subject clauses
- •3.1. Point out the subject clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Translate into English using the corresponding emphatic constructions.
- •3.3. Complete the sentences.
- •3.4. Answer the following sentences using the “emphatic it.”
- •4. Predicative clauses
- •4.1. Point out the predicative clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •4.2. Complete the sentences using predicative clauses.
- •4.3. Translate into English using predicative clauses.
- •5. Object clauses
- •5.1. Point out the object clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •5.2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •5.3. Paraphrase the sentences with object clauses to use inverted word order in the principal clause.
- •5.4. Define what types of clauses are introduced by what. Translate into Russian.
- •6. Attributive clauses
- •6.1. Point out the appositive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the connective.
- •6.2. Complete the sentences with an appropriate antecedent.
- •6.3. Point out the relative restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.4. Translate into English.
- •6.5. Insert the appropriate article.
- •6.6. Complete the sentences by using a particularizing clause.
- •6.7. Complete the sentences by using a classifying clause with the antecedent given in italics.
- •6.8. Point out the relative non-restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.9. Point out the relative clauses. Decide if they are restrictive or non-restrictive and punctuate accordingly. Translate into Russian.
- •6.10. Point out the continuative clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.11. Complete the sentences with a suitable attributive clause.
- •6.12. Define the type of attributive clauses (appositive, limiting, non-limiting, continuative). Translate into Russian.
- •6.13. Complete the sentences.
- •6.14. Insert the appropriate linking word. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •6.15. Transform the sentences with the help of attributive clauses.
- •6.16. Translate into English using attributive clauses.
- •6.17. Complete the sentences with who, whom, which or that. Define the type of the clauses. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •7. ADverbial clauses
- •7.1. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •7.2. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of time.
- •7.3. Fill in the gaps with by, by the time, until.
- •7.4. Translate into English using the correct verb form.
- •7.5. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.6. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.7. Join the sentences using the purpose word given.
- •7.8. Translate into English using adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.9. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.10. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.11. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.12. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.13. Underline the correct item.
- •7.14. Define the type of conditional sentence. Translate into Russian.
- •7.15. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.16. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.17. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.19. Fill in the gaps.
- •7.20. Complete the missing parts of the sentences.
- •7.21. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.22. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.23. Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.24. Fill in the correct word.
- •7.25. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •7.26. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •8. Parenthetical clauses
- •8.1. Point out the parenthetical clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •8.2. Paraphrase each two simple sentences into one complex with a parenthetical clause.
- •9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses
- •9.1. Analyse the following sentences with mutually subordinated clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •9.2. Insert the verb in the correct form.
- •9.3. Translate into English.
- •10. Appended clauses
- •10.1. Analyse the following sentences with appended clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •10.2. Complete the flowing sentences.
- •11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses
- •11.1. Analyse the clauses with implied condition or concession. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Grammatical homonyms
- •12.1. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with with. Translate into Russian.
- •12.2. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with as if. Translate into Russian.
- •12.3. Is the underlined word an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction, or an adverb? To what semantic group does it belong? Single out homonymous parts of speech.
- •13. Connectives
- •13.1. Point out the connectives and analyse them. Translate into Russian.
- •13.2. Insert the most appropriate connectives. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •13.3. Use whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, whichever, however.
- •13.4. Comment upon the way of introducing the sub-clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •13.5. Join the sentences, then identify the function of the linking words in brackets.
- •13.6. Replace the underlined words with synonymous ones.
- •13.7. Complete the sentences using an appropriate linking word.
- •14. Inversion
- •14.1. Explain the cases of inversion n the following sentences.
- •14.2. Complete each sentence with an appropriate phrase.
- •14.3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •14.4. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase containing the verb in brackets in an appropriate form.
- •14.5. Emphasize the underlined phrases using the inverted words order.
- •15. Revision
- •15.1. Analyse the following sentences. Define the types of the subordinate clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •15.2. Translate into English.
- •15.3. Combine the two sentences into one sentence using so, so that, because (of), since, as.
- •15.4. Translate into English.
- •Appendix 1. Texts for analysis Text 1
- •(Jackie Walters. Why is English the international lingua franca?)
- •Appendix 2. Glossary
- •List or recommended books
7.16. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of condition.
1. Более того, я бы сильно удивилась, если бы он делал что-нибудь другое – читал или занимался, – хотя последний вариант, конечно, просто невероятен. 2. Если соус будет недостаточно острым, то можно добавить красный молотый перец. 3. Если эта встреча состоится, будем надеяться, что переговорный процесс возобновится. 4. Было бы необъяснимым анахронизмом, если бы пространство СНГ превратилось в зону соперничества и борьбы за «сферы влияния». 5. Все это аллегорически называлось бы «игрой с огнем», когда бы не было игрой с огнем в прямом смысле этого слова. 6. Однако если не будет гепатита В, исчезнет и гепатит D. 7. Если этих вырезов не сделать, то при загибе толщина шва удвоится, и он будет выглядеть очень грубо. 8. Для этого Михаэлю необходимо выиграть «Большой приз» при условии, что основные оппоненты – Баррикелло и Монтойя – финишируют не выше третьего места. 9. И любые увещевания, деньги, мольбы и просьбы в борьбе с этим злом бессильны, если у человека нет силы воли. 10. Но если у тебя нет времени кипятить воду, попробуй смягчить обычную. 11. Но если бы этого всего не было, то все было бы по-другому, в смысле моя жизнь, это же понятно. 12. От этих мыслей впору прийти в отчаянье, когда бы не одно обстоятельство. 13. Море успокоилось, выглянуло солнце, и все было бы, как прежде, если бы не тяжелая тоска на сердце у Маруси. 14. Впрочем, последствия могли быть и хуже, если бы не вмешалась городская дума Заречного.
7.17. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of concession.
Thatcher’s plea-bargain terms include cooperating with investigators, despite having left Cape Town on Thursday to return to London.
So please don’t take it too personally if I decide to delete comments that seem to me quarrelsome (or merely flattering, though being only human I’m probably less likely to kill those).
In one hour I learned a surprising amount of ASL from Evan through the game, and still retain it all in spite of having very few opportunities to ask anyone to give me a black pen.
Something Awful, despite being a humor website, has a history of running donation drives for certain causes.
Late in the evening we received a message from Halleel, requesting a gun, with some powder and shot; we immediately gave him ours, which, though good for nothing, was, nevertheless, the best-looking one we had.
Ireland got off to a perfect start, despite having to play against the wind; with a drop goal by Ronan O’Gara putting the homeside 3 points up after just four minutes.
Very few software systems, maybe none, are built in ways that sustain operation in spite of being continually rebuilt and continually growing.
So we ended up standing outside the enclosed area in spite of having received tickets as a thank you for our morning’s work.
7.18. Choose the correct form.
1. However / Although hard he works, he doesn’t get a promotion. 2. My father is tall, whereas / despite I am short. 3. Despite / While taking up sport, she hasn’t lost any weight yet. 4. Lazy whereas / as he is, he passed the exam. 5. Even though / despite he knew the number, he didn’t tell it. 6. In spite of / Whatever they want, they will not obtain it. 7. I remembered Tom. He had forgotten me, although / though. 8. My husband speaks French whereas / even though I don’t know this language. 9. Determined though / but he may be, he will not get the job. 10. Even though / Despite I like marrows doctors don’t let me eat the. .