- •Предисловие
- •1. The Compound sentence
- •1.1. State the type of coordination in the following sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Insert the most appropriate conjunction. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.3. Translate into English. Use the inverted word order.
- •1.4. Comment on the means of connection in the following compound sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Insert the necessary conjunctions and comment upon them. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.6. Complete the sentences using different types of coordination. Be specific.
- •1.7. Translate into English.
- •1.8. Complete the following sentences.
- •The complex sentence
- •2. The Types of subordination
- •2.2. Define whether the subordination is parallel or consecutive. Name the types of clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3. Subject clauses
- •3.1. Point out the subject clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Translate into English using the corresponding emphatic constructions.
- •3.3. Complete the sentences.
- •3.4. Answer the following sentences using the “emphatic it.”
- •4. Predicative clauses
- •4.1. Point out the predicative clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •4.2. Complete the sentences using predicative clauses.
- •4.3. Translate into English using predicative clauses.
- •5. Object clauses
- •5.1. Point out the object clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •5.2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •5.3. Paraphrase the sentences with object clauses to use inverted word order in the principal clause.
- •5.4. Define what types of clauses are introduced by what. Translate into Russian.
- •6. Attributive clauses
- •6.1. Point out the appositive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the connective.
- •6.2. Complete the sentences with an appropriate antecedent.
- •6.3. Point out the relative restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.4. Translate into English.
- •6.5. Insert the appropriate article.
- •6.6. Complete the sentences by using a particularizing clause.
- •6.7. Complete the sentences by using a classifying clause with the antecedent given in italics.
- •6.8. Point out the relative non-restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.9. Point out the relative clauses. Decide if they are restrictive or non-restrictive and punctuate accordingly. Translate into Russian.
- •6.10. Point out the continuative clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.11. Complete the sentences with a suitable attributive clause.
- •6.12. Define the type of attributive clauses (appositive, limiting, non-limiting, continuative). Translate into Russian.
- •6.13. Complete the sentences.
- •6.14. Insert the appropriate linking word. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •6.15. Transform the sentences with the help of attributive clauses.
- •6.16. Translate into English using attributive clauses.
- •6.17. Complete the sentences with who, whom, which or that. Define the type of the clauses. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •7. ADverbial clauses
- •7.1. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •7.2. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of time.
- •7.3. Fill in the gaps with by, by the time, until.
- •7.4. Translate into English using the correct verb form.
- •7.5. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.6. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.7. Join the sentences using the purpose word given.
- •7.8. Translate into English using adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.9. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.10. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.11. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.12. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.13. Underline the correct item.
- •7.14. Define the type of conditional sentence. Translate into Russian.
- •7.15. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.16. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.17. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.19. Fill in the gaps.
- •7.20. Complete the missing parts of the sentences.
- •7.21. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.22. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.23. Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.24. Fill in the correct word.
- •7.25. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •7.26. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •8. Parenthetical clauses
- •8.1. Point out the parenthetical clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •8.2. Paraphrase each two simple sentences into one complex with a parenthetical clause.
- •9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses
- •9.1. Analyse the following sentences with mutually subordinated clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •9.2. Insert the verb in the correct form.
- •9.3. Translate into English.
- •10. Appended clauses
- •10.1. Analyse the following sentences with appended clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •10.2. Complete the flowing sentences.
- •11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses
- •11.1. Analyse the clauses with implied condition or concession. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Grammatical homonyms
- •12.1. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with with. Translate into Russian.
- •12.2. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with as if. Translate into Russian.
- •12.3. Is the underlined word an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction, or an adverb? To what semantic group does it belong? Single out homonymous parts of speech.
- •13. Connectives
- •13.1. Point out the connectives and analyse them. Translate into Russian.
- •13.2. Insert the most appropriate connectives. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •13.3. Use whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, whichever, however.
- •13.4. Comment upon the way of introducing the sub-clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •13.5. Join the sentences, then identify the function of the linking words in brackets.
- •13.6. Replace the underlined words with synonymous ones.
- •13.7. Complete the sentences using an appropriate linking word.
- •14. Inversion
- •14.1. Explain the cases of inversion n the following sentences.
- •14.2. Complete each sentence with an appropriate phrase.
- •14.3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •14.4. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase containing the verb in brackets in an appropriate form.
- •14.5. Emphasize the underlined phrases using the inverted words order.
- •15. Revision
- •15.1. Analyse the following sentences. Define the types of the subordinate clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •15.2. Translate into English.
- •15.3. Combine the two sentences into one sentence using so, so that, because (of), since, as.
- •15.4. Translate into English.
- •Appendix 1. Texts for analysis Text 1
- •(Jackie Walters. Why is English the international lingua franca?)
- •Appendix 2. Glossary
- •List or recommended books
Н.А. Тулякова
syntax. the composite sentence.
Синтаксис сложного предложения.
сборник упражнений
Санкт-Петербург
2011
Тулякова Н.А.
Синтаксис сложного предложения: Сборник упражнений для студентов филологических факультетов педагогических вузов. СПб.: Лема, 2011. 75 с.
table of contents
Предисловие ……………………………………………………………………... 1. The compound sentence ……………………………………………………….. The complex sentence …………………………………………………................. 2. The types of subordination …………………………………………………….. 3. Subject clauses …………………………………………………………………. 4. Predicative clauses ……………………………………………………………... 5. Object clauses ………………………………………………………………….. 6. Attributive clauses ……………………………………………………………… 7. Adverbial clauses ………………………………………………………………. 8. Parenthetical clauses …………………………………………………………… 9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses ………………………………… 10. Appended clauses ……………………………………………………………... 11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses ………………………………….. 12. Grammatical homonyms ……………………………………………………… 13. Connectives …………………………………………………………………… 14. Inversion ……………………………………………………………………… 15. Revision ………………………………………………………………………. Appendix 1. Texts for analysis …………………………………………………… Appendix 2. Glossary …………………………………………………………….. List of recommended books ………………………………………………………
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Предисловие
Предлагаемое пособие предназначено для студентов филологических факультетов педагогических вузов. Сборник включает в себя систему упражнений по синтаксису сложносочиненного и сложноподчиненного предложения. Выбор типов заданий, представленных в сборнике, продиктован особенностями материала и необходимостью подготовить студентов бакалавриата к выпускному экзамену. Большая часть упражнений предполагает анализ предложений, способов связи, порядка слов. Кроме того, в пособие входит большое количество заданий, направленных на совершенствование грамматических навыков студентов, которые они могут применить как в устной, так и в письменной речи. С целью закрепления изученного ранее материала студентам предлагаются задания на трансформацию предложений с неличными формами глагола и предикативными конструкциями в сложноподчиненные предложения. Это развивает умение студентов по-разному, в зависимости от коммуникативных целей, формулировать высказывание.
В Приложениях содержатся тексты для анализа, принадлежащие к различным функциональным стилям, а также глоссарий, который позволит студентам самостоятельно проверить свое владение терминологическим аппаратом данной предметной области.
Материал для упражнений заимствован в основном из неадаптированных художественных текстов американских и британских авторов XIX-XXI веков (Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Jack London, J.K. Rowling и др.), а также из нехудожественной литературы (в качестве источника материла привлекался корпус, составленный Сергеем Шаровым (http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/internet.html). Материал для перевода на английский язык был в основном почерпнут из Национального корпуса русского языка.
1. The Compound sentence
1.1. State the type of coordination in the following sentences. Translate into Russian.
1. Somebody called from an inner room and the Chinese stepped aside and let me in. 2. Of course he had duty to back him up; husbands were expected to do such things, therefore he must do them – just as he must wear heavy flannel and nailed boots to go walking in the country. 3. Oh, I’m no dancer, but I like watching her dance. 4. It could be done unhurriedly, scientifically and correctly with a half dozen charges laid and braced to explode simultaneously; or it could be done roughly with two big ones. 5. He may not know all, yet he tries to pretend that he does. 6. It was no answer, yet it said everything. 7. The wind moved them, but the figure stood motionless, staring, staring out to sea, more like a living memorial to the drowned, a figure from myth, than any proper fragment of the petty provincial day. 8. He was breathing heavily from the climb and his hand rested on one of the two heavy packs they had been carrying. 9. Her look back lasted two or three seconds at most; then she resumed her stare to the south. 10. He knelt by the stream and, pushing his automatic pistol around on his belt to the small of his back so that it would not be wet, he lowered himself with a hand on each of two boulders and drank from the stream. 11. Charles called himself a Darwinist, and yet he had not really understood Darwin. 12. Death was far more certain than God, and with death there would be no longer the daily possibility of love dying. 13. Either one rides it, or it rides one. 14. But again Sarah did the best possible thing: she said nothing, and simply bowed her head and shook it. 15. But he was happy there, and besides, he spent a great deal of time traveling. 16. “It is too strong for thee or I would give thee some,” he said to the girl and smiled at her again. 17. “There is little left or I would offer some to thee,” he said to Pablo. 18. “Phuong” means Phoenix, but nothing nowadays is fabulous and nothing rises from its ashes. 19. I see them but I do not see any sentry.