- •Предисловие
- •1. The Compound sentence
- •1.1. State the type of coordination in the following sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Insert the most appropriate conjunction. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.3. Translate into English. Use the inverted word order.
- •1.4. Comment on the means of connection in the following compound sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Insert the necessary conjunctions and comment upon them. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.6. Complete the sentences using different types of coordination. Be specific.
- •1.7. Translate into English.
- •1.8. Complete the following sentences.
- •The complex sentence
- •2. The Types of subordination
- •2.2. Define whether the subordination is parallel or consecutive. Name the types of clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3. Subject clauses
- •3.1. Point out the subject clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Translate into English using the corresponding emphatic constructions.
- •3.3. Complete the sentences.
- •3.4. Answer the following sentences using the “emphatic it.”
- •4. Predicative clauses
- •4.1. Point out the predicative clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •4.2. Complete the sentences using predicative clauses.
- •4.3. Translate into English using predicative clauses.
- •5. Object clauses
- •5.1. Point out the object clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •5.2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •5.3. Paraphrase the sentences with object clauses to use inverted word order in the principal clause.
- •5.4. Define what types of clauses are introduced by what. Translate into Russian.
- •6. Attributive clauses
- •6.1. Point out the appositive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the connective.
- •6.2. Complete the sentences with an appropriate antecedent.
- •6.3. Point out the relative restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.4. Translate into English.
- •6.5. Insert the appropriate article.
- •6.6. Complete the sentences by using a particularizing clause.
- •6.7. Complete the sentences by using a classifying clause with the antecedent given in italics.
- •6.8. Point out the relative non-restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.9. Point out the relative clauses. Decide if they are restrictive or non-restrictive and punctuate accordingly. Translate into Russian.
- •6.10. Point out the continuative clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.11. Complete the sentences with a suitable attributive clause.
- •6.12. Define the type of attributive clauses (appositive, limiting, non-limiting, continuative). Translate into Russian.
- •6.13. Complete the sentences.
- •6.14. Insert the appropriate linking word. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •6.15. Transform the sentences with the help of attributive clauses.
- •6.16. Translate into English using attributive clauses.
- •6.17. Complete the sentences with who, whom, which or that. Define the type of the clauses. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •7. ADverbial clauses
- •7.1. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •7.2. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of time.
- •7.3. Fill in the gaps with by, by the time, until.
- •7.4. Translate into English using the correct verb form.
- •7.5. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.6. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.7. Join the sentences using the purpose word given.
- •7.8. Translate into English using adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.9. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.10. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.11. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.12. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.13. Underline the correct item.
- •7.14. Define the type of conditional sentence. Translate into Russian.
- •7.15. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.16. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.17. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.19. Fill in the gaps.
- •7.20. Complete the missing parts of the sentences.
- •7.21. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.22. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.23. Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.24. Fill in the correct word.
- •7.25. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •7.26. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •8. Parenthetical clauses
- •8.1. Point out the parenthetical clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •8.2. Paraphrase each two simple sentences into one complex with a parenthetical clause.
- •9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses
- •9.1. Analyse the following sentences with mutually subordinated clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •9.2. Insert the verb in the correct form.
- •9.3. Translate into English.
- •10. Appended clauses
- •10.1. Analyse the following sentences with appended clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •10.2. Complete the flowing sentences.
- •11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses
- •11.1. Analyse the clauses with implied condition or concession. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Grammatical homonyms
- •12.1. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with with. Translate into Russian.
- •12.2. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with as if. Translate into Russian.
- •12.3. Is the underlined word an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction, or an adverb? To what semantic group does it belong? Single out homonymous parts of speech.
- •13. Connectives
- •13.1. Point out the connectives and analyse them. Translate into Russian.
- •13.2. Insert the most appropriate connectives. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •13.3. Use whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, whichever, however.
- •13.4. Comment upon the way of introducing the sub-clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •13.5. Join the sentences, then identify the function of the linking words in brackets.
- •13.6. Replace the underlined words with synonymous ones.
- •13.7. Complete the sentences using an appropriate linking word.
- •14. Inversion
- •14.1. Explain the cases of inversion n the following sentences.
- •14.2. Complete each sentence with an appropriate phrase.
- •14.3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •14.4. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase containing the verb in brackets in an appropriate form.
- •14.5. Emphasize the underlined phrases using the inverted words order.
- •15. Revision
- •15.1. Analyse the following sentences. Define the types of the subordinate clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •15.2. Translate into English.
- •15.3. Combine the two sentences into one sentence using so, so that, because (of), since, as.
- •15.4. Translate into English.
- •Appendix 1. Texts for analysis Text 1
- •(Jackie Walters. Why is English the international lingua franca?)
- •Appendix 2. Glossary
- •List or recommended books
7.7. Join the sentences using the purpose word given.
Jim gave the interviewer her phone number. Then he could ring him. (so that)
Let’s cook some fish and chips. We may have guests. (in case)
She doesn’t eat much. He might put on weight. (avoid)
She put money aside. She intended to purchase a car. (with a view to)
The girl wiped her make-up. He didn’t want her mother to see it. (lest)
The offender left the country. He thought he would be arrested. (for fear that)
The solicitor phoned me. He informed me that I was acquitted. (in order to)
This is a ladle. You use it to pour soup. (for)
7.8. Translate into English using adverbial clauses of purpose.
1. Для того, чтобы убедиться, что гусь готов, проткните острым ножом бедро. 2. Морковь положить в сито и опустить на мгновение в кипящую воду, чтобы подогреть. 3. Японская сторона моряков принимала, но помещала под домашний арест, боясь, как бы полученные ими знания не распространились в стране. 4. Чтобы не ошибиться в выборе цвета краски для волос, нужно учитывать оттенок своей кожи. 5. Этот маскарад им предписывается с той целью, чтобы удобней было подстерегать контрабандистов, нарушающих американо-мексиканскую границу. 6. Просто чтобы это почувствовать и чтобы еще получить от этого удовольствие, надо к ним приехать. 7. Каждое представление рассчитано на 3 часа и будет включать 15-16 номеров, чтобы не утомить ни зрителей, ни жюри. 8. Делали они это из страха, как бы не заподозрило начальство редактора в лености, если не оставит он заметных чернильных следов на чужом машинописном тексте. 9. И стал более или менее регулярно делать уроки – ведь для того, чтобы хорошо разбираться в компьютерах, надо окончить школу, поступить в институт, а для этого надо нормально учиться. 10. – Да-да, ты права, – поспешил согласиться Кирилл, боясь, как бы она не отказалась от встречи. 11. Это сделано с той целью, чтобы он вызывал наиболее значимые или оригинальные ответы ребенка. 12. В восточнославянской мифологии Мороз – существо уважаемое, но и опасное: чтобы не вызывать его гнев, обращаться с ним следовало осторожно; прося не губить урожай, его задабривали; им пугали детей.
7.9. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of result.
Tomatoes and eggplants are not strong enough to compete with the weeds when they are young and so should be grown in a starter bed and later transplanted.
This has already been proven by other sources, which are too obvious to state in this study.
These banks, insurance companies and investment companies have grown too big to succeed.
Let’s leave aside the eminent domain subject, which is too big to deal with here.
There were many delicious things on offer at Hemingway’s, but two were so good as to be life-changing.
However, several other reviews have examined the issue of children and adolescents activity levels and reported that whilst adolescents in general were more active than adults these levels were not sufficient enough to benefit health.
I always say I am too old and my physical condition is not good enough to do it again.
This site has too many problems to be effective.
I am too fond of reading books to care to write them, Mr. Erskine.
He had been too often impressed upon his body not to be deeply impressed upon his recollection
These stones are too heavy for the guys to remove them.
He says the way some of those firms in the city keep their accounts is enough to turn your hair grey.
This is the gentleman who is good enough to put some order into the mess we make of our accounts.