- •Предисловие
- •1. The Compound sentence
- •1.1. State the type of coordination in the following sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Insert the most appropriate conjunction. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.3. Translate into English. Use the inverted word order.
- •1.4. Comment on the means of connection in the following compound sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Insert the necessary conjunctions and comment upon them. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.6. Complete the sentences using different types of coordination. Be specific.
- •1.7. Translate into English.
- •1.8. Complete the following sentences.
- •The complex sentence
- •2. The Types of subordination
- •2.2. Define whether the subordination is parallel or consecutive. Name the types of clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3. Subject clauses
- •3.1. Point out the subject clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Translate into English using the corresponding emphatic constructions.
- •3.3. Complete the sentences.
- •3.4. Answer the following sentences using the “emphatic it.”
- •4. Predicative clauses
- •4.1. Point out the predicative clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •4.2. Complete the sentences using predicative clauses.
- •4.3. Translate into English using predicative clauses.
- •5. Object clauses
- •5.1. Point out the object clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •5.2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •5.3. Paraphrase the sentences with object clauses to use inverted word order in the principal clause.
- •5.4. Define what types of clauses are introduced by what. Translate into Russian.
- •6. Attributive clauses
- •6.1. Point out the appositive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the connective.
- •6.2. Complete the sentences with an appropriate antecedent.
- •6.3. Point out the relative restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.4. Translate into English.
- •6.5. Insert the appropriate article.
- •6.6. Complete the sentences by using a particularizing clause.
- •6.7. Complete the sentences by using a classifying clause with the antecedent given in italics.
- •6.8. Point out the relative non-restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.9. Point out the relative clauses. Decide if they are restrictive or non-restrictive and punctuate accordingly. Translate into Russian.
- •6.10. Point out the continuative clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.11. Complete the sentences with a suitable attributive clause.
- •6.12. Define the type of attributive clauses (appositive, limiting, non-limiting, continuative). Translate into Russian.
- •6.13. Complete the sentences.
- •6.14. Insert the appropriate linking word. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •6.15. Transform the sentences with the help of attributive clauses.
- •6.16. Translate into English using attributive clauses.
- •6.17. Complete the sentences with who, whom, which or that. Define the type of the clauses. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •7. ADverbial clauses
- •7.1. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •7.2. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of time.
- •7.3. Fill in the gaps with by, by the time, until.
- •7.4. Translate into English using the correct verb form.
- •7.5. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.6. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.7. Join the sentences using the purpose word given.
- •7.8. Translate into English using adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.9. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.10. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.11. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.12. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.13. Underline the correct item.
- •7.14. Define the type of conditional sentence. Translate into Russian.
- •7.15. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.16. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.17. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.19. Fill in the gaps.
- •7.20. Complete the missing parts of the sentences.
- •7.21. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.22. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.23. Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.24. Fill in the correct word.
- •7.25. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •7.26. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •8. Parenthetical clauses
- •8.1. Point out the parenthetical clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •8.2. Paraphrase each two simple sentences into one complex with a parenthetical clause.
- •9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses
- •9.1. Analyse the following sentences with mutually subordinated clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •9.2. Insert the verb in the correct form.
- •9.3. Translate into English.
- •10. Appended clauses
- •10.1. Analyse the following sentences with appended clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •10.2. Complete the flowing sentences.
- •11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses
- •11.1. Analyse the clauses with implied condition or concession. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Grammatical homonyms
- •12.1. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with with. Translate into Russian.
- •12.2. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with as if. Translate into Russian.
- •12.3. Is the underlined word an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction, or an adverb? To what semantic group does it belong? Single out homonymous parts of speech.
- •13. Connectives
- •13.1. Point out the connectives and analyse them. Translate into Russian.
- •13.2. Insert the most appropriate connectives. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •13.3. Use whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, whichever, however.
- •13.4. Comment upon the way of introducing the sub-clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •13.5. Join the sentences, then identify the function of the linking words in brackets.
- •13.6. Replace the underlined words with synonymous ones.
- •13.7. Complete the sentences using an appropriate linking word.
- •14. Inversion
- •14.1. Explain the cases of inversion n the following sentences.
- •14.2. Complete each sentence with an appropriate phrase.
- •14.3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •14.4. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase containing the verb in brackets in an appropriate form.
- •14.5. Emphasize the underlined phrases using the inverted words order.
- •15. Revision
- •15.1. Analyse the following sentences. Define the types of the subordinate clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •15.2. Translate into English.
- •15.3. Combine the two sentences into one sentence using so, so that, because (of), since, as.
- •15.4. Translate into English.
- •Appendix 1. Texts for analysis Text 1
- •(Jackie Walters. Why is English the international lingua franca?)
- •Appendix 2. Glossary
- •List or recommended books
10. Appended clauses
10.1. Analyse the following sentences with appended clauses. Translate into Russian.
1. Dad collects plugs, doesn’t he? 2. Not going to have a very good month, are you? 3. He never even told us, did he? 4. “You’re the only one who knows how to get past Fluffy, aren’t you, Hagrid?” said Harry anxiously. 5. “That’s your lookout, isn’t it?” said Filch, his voice cracking with glee. 6. “Well – I was lucky once, wasn’t I?” said Harry, pointing at his scar. 7. Let’s define “low-cost” a bit, shall we? 8. There’s just no moral high ground here at all, is there? 9. After all, they have nothing to hide, have they?
10.2. Complete the flowing sentences.
………………………………………………., aren’t I?
………………….……………………………, have there?
………………………………………………., will you?
………………………………………………., did they?
………………………………………………., hadn’t he?
………………………………………………., can she?
………………………………………………, shall we?
………………………………………………., do they?
………………………………………………., isn’t he?
………………………………………………., has it?
11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses
11.1. Analyse the clauses with implied condition or concession. Translate into Russian.
1. If only he knew how to do the Cruciatus Curse! 2. If only we’d done human Transfiguration already! 3. As though you didn’t know anything about this incident! 4. If only Ron didn’t meet Malfoy! 5. If only I hadn’t to live with the Dursleys! 6. If only I could formulate my thoughts into code words or something. 7. If only I had been wise to your ways I would have tuned you out at the start. But it was inevitable. 8. If only I wasn’t supposed to be sewing nun and priest outfits! 9. As though it was an insult! 10. As if men weren’t represented enough in our society. 11. As though that was the reason not to cover it. 12. As though we have a choice? 13. As if everything going wrong in the world can be “fixed.”
12. Grammatical homonyms
12.1. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with with. Translate into Russian.
1. Lying there with their eyes wide open! 2. For the next few days he spent all of his free time in the library with Ron and Hermione. 3. The man with the cold voice had killed a woman. 4. When it comes to spending our ill-gotten wealth, Aahz would rather part with my blood. 5. “I don’t know about the ‘when,’” I commented with careful deliberation, “but I’ve given some thought to what I’m going to do.” 6. When you torch a town you don’t usually start with the parks. 7. You’re sure this was in Jahk? The weird dimension with the short, pale guys?
12.2. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with as if. Translate into Russian.
1. Uncle Vernon looked as if Harry had just uttered a disgusting swearword. 2. He looked at Dumbledore as if he couldn’t quite believe what he had just heard. 3. He looked at Dumbledore as if he couldn’t quite believe what he had just heard. 4. He was standing there calmly with his arms folded as if he had been part of our group all along. 5. To them, it looked as if I had suddenly appeared from thin air, materializing in a cloud of red smoke. 6. The two executives were made to go to work yesterday as if everything was normal, after closing the bank they opened the vault for a number of robbers who then proceeded to empty the contents into a waiting truck over a two hour period. 7. It seems as if British Petroleum may also be conducting nuclear disaster exercises in the Houston area. 8. The student who had been assigned by far the least work came up afterward and ran her finger over the pictures of the antennas, as if to feel the difference in textures.