- •Предисловие
- •1. The Compound sentence
- •1.1. State the type of coordination in the following sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Insert the most appropriate conjunction. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.3. Translate into English. Use the inverted word order.
- •1.4. Comment on the means of connection in the following compound sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Insert the necessary conjunctions and comment upon them. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.6. Complete the sentences using different types of coordination. Be specific.
- •1.7. Translate into English.
- •1.8. Complete the following sentences.
- •The complex sentence
- •2. The Types of subordination
- •2.2. Define whether the subordination is parallel or consecutive. Name the types of clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3. Subject clauses
- •3.1. Point out the subject clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Translate into English using the corresponding emphatic constructions.
- •3.3. Complete the sentences.
- •3.4. Answer the following sentences using the “emphatic it.”
- •4. Predicative clauses
- •4.1. Point out the predicative clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •4.2. Complete the sentences using predicative clauses.
- •4.3. Translate into English using predicative clauses.
- •5. Object clauses
- •5.1. Point out the object clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •5.2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •5.3. Paraphrase the sentences with object clauses to use inverted word order in the principal clause.
- •5.4. Define what types of clauses are introduced by what. Translate into Russian.
- •6. Attributive clauses
- •6.1. Point out the appositive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the connective.
- •6.2. Complete the sentences with an appropriate antecedent.
- •6.3. Point out the relative restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.4. Translate into English.
- •6.5. Insert the appropriate article.
- •6.6. Complete the sentences by using a particularizing clause.
- •6.7. Complete the sentences by using a classifying clause with the antecedent given in italics.
- •6.8. Point out the relative non-restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.9. Point out the relative clauses. Decide if they are restrictive or non-restrictive and punctuate accordingly. Translate into Russian.
- •6.10. Point out the continuative clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.11. Complete the sentences with a suitable attributive clause.
- •6.12. Define the type of attributive clauses (appositive, limiting, non-limiting, continuative). Translate into Russian.
- •6.13. Complete the sentences.
- •6.14. Insert the appropriate linking word. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •6.15. Transform the sentences with the help of attributive clauses.
- •6.16. Translate into English using attributive clauses.
- •6.17. Complete the sentences with who, whom, which or that. Define the type of the clauses. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •7. ADverbial clauses
- •7.1. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •7.2. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of time.
- •7.3. Fill in the gaps with by, by the time, until.
- •7.4. Translate into English using the correct verb form.
- •7.5. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.6. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.7. Join the sentences using the purpose word given.
- •7.8. Translate into English using adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.9. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.10. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.11. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.12. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.13. Underline the correct item.
- •7.14. Define the type of conditional sentence. Translate into Russian.
- •7.15. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.16. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.17. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.19. Fill in the gaps.
- •7.20. Complete the missing parts of the sentences.
- •7.21. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.22. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.23. Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.24. Fill in the correct word.
- •7.25. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •7.26. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •8. Parenthetical clauses
- •8.1. Point out the parenthetical clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •8.2. Paraphrase each two simple sentences into one complex with a parenthetical clause.
- •9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses
- •9.1. Analyse the following sentences with mutually subordinated clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •9.2. Insert the verb in the correct form.
- •9.3. Translate into English.
- •10. Appended clauses
- •10.1. Analyse the following sentences with appended clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •10.2. Complete the flowing sentences.
- •11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses
- •11.1. Analyse the clauses with implied condition or concession. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Grammatical homonyms
- •12.1. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with with. Translate into Russian.
- •12.2. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with as if. Translate into Russian.
- •12.3. Is the underlined word an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction, or an adverb? To what semantic group does it belong? Single out homonymous parts of speech.
- •13. Connectives
- •13.1. Point out the connectives and analyse them. Translate into Russian.
- •13.2. Insert the most appropriate connectives. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •13.3. Use whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, whichever, however.
- •13.4. Comment upon the way of introducing the sub-clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •13.5. Join the sentences, then identify the function of the linking words in brackets.
- •13.6. Replace the underlined words with synonymous ones.
- •13.7. Complete the sentences using an appropriate linking word.
- •14. Inversion
- •14.1. Explain the cases of inversion n the following sentences.
- •14.2. Complete each sentence with an appropriate phrase.
- •14.3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •14.4. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase containing the verb in brackets in an appropriate form.
- •14.5. Emphasize the underlined phrases using the inverted words order.
- •15. Revision
- •15.1. Analyse the following sentences. Define the types of the subordinate clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •15.2. Translate into English.
- •15.3. Combine the two sentences into one sentence using so, so that, because (of), since, as.
- •15.4. Translate into English.
- •Appendix 1. Texts for analysis Text 1
- •(Jackie Walters. Why is English the international lingua franca?)
- •Appendix 2. Glossary
- •List or recommended books
7.10. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result.
1. Порой приводимые ими факты так странны, что напоминают скорее жизнь персонажей Страны чудес, в которой побывала Алиса. 2. В Пенсионном фонде должно быть достаточно денег, чтобы выплачивать пенсии. 3. Новые разработки трудно продвигаются вперед, у авиастроителей недостаточно средств, чтобы их внедрять. 4. Конечно, мои резюме выступлений слишком кратки, чтобы дать полное представление об их содержании, но все же основное, что в них звучало, мне, надеюсь, передать удалось. 5. Результат оказался интересным: малоподвижный человек не успевает за день достаточно устать, чтобы полноценно заснуть. 6. Она так талантлива, что мне даже страшно. 7. Но дистанцировавшись от Запада, Россия, по мнению эксперта, недостаточно сильна, чтобы вступить с ним в открытое противоборство. 8. Ольгин испуг был слишком натурален, чтобы заподозрить ее во вранье. 9. Это было так больно, так тяжело, что я стала задумываться, а может, я просто боялась признаться в том, что полюбила, на самом деле полюбила мужчину, для которого ничего не значила?
7.11. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of reason.
In politics he was a Tory, except when the Tories were in office, during which period he roundly abused them for being a pack of Radicals.
I never slept a wink all night for thinking of you.
It is much the same, as if I should affirm, that because of my learning to walk, I am not infallibly certain, never to dislocate any of my joints when I am walking abroad;
Those who receive such treatments may do so because of there being no available provision of ISODs within primary care in their locality.
It may be due to being a freshman in the legislature or it may be wishful thinking, but I am optimistic that the Governor will work with Assembly Republicans to forge a compromise.
Mrs C and I sleep apart, owing to my bad snoring and Mrs C liking to sleep in sub-zero temperatures.
I was so happy at that time, not because of having a day off, but that winter had come at last!
China’s manufacturers of sugar alcohols who are suffering from high production cost gain nearly no profit due to rising cost of raw materials.
7.12. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of reason.
1. Родители во всем мире жалуются на то, что детей невозможно оторвать от компьютера, что они не гуляют, не учатся, не высыпаются из-за того, что дни и ночи или играют, или сидят в Интернете. 2. Поскольку история получилась длинной, то приведено лишь несколько эпизодов. Хотелось бы получить комментарии именно от вас, так как не сомневаюсь, что подобные ситуации встречаются иногда и в других семьях. 3. Они пошли за большевиками вовсе не потому, что до конца поняли и поверили в идеи революции. 4. Однако необходимо нахождение «золотой середины», так как развитие туризма увеличивает давление на экосистему озера. 5. Особенно много вопросов у представителей различных социальных групп вызвало предполагаемое введение в программу общеобразовательных школ основ православной культуры, поскольку это касалось миллионов школьников, а значит – практически каждой российской семьи. 6. Он уволился, потому что за последние двенадцать лет слишком устал от этой бессмысленной работы. 7. Убрав компьютер или запретив ребенку ходить в компьютерный клуб, вы скорее всего ничего не добьетесь, потому что ваш запрет обязательно будет нарушаться. 8. Очевидно, такой подход оправдывал себя в течение последних 100 лет и даже дольше, так как помог увеличить производительность физического труда более чем в 50 раз. 9. Поскольку история получилась длинной, то приведено лишь несколько эпизодов. 10. Но, очевидно, они выглядели очень натурально – за последнее время человек сто спросили меня, не сильно ли пострадали мои волосы из-за того, что их столько раз перекрашивали.