- •Предисловие
- •1. The Compound sentence
- •1.1. State the type of coordination in the following sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Insert the most appropriate conjunction. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.3. Translate into English. Use the inverted word order.
- •1.4. Comment on the means of connection in the following compound sentences. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Insert the necessary conjunctions and comment upon them. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •1.6. Complete the sentences using different types of coordination. Be specific.
- •1.7. Translate into English.
- •1.8. Complete the following sentences.
- •The complex sentence
- •2. The Types of subordination
- •2.2. Define whether the subordination is parallel or consecutive. Name the types of clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3. Subject clauses
- •3.1. Point out the subject clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Translate into English using the corresponding emphatic constructions.
- •3.3. Complete the sentences.
- •3.4. Answer the following sentences using the “emphatic it.”
- •4. Predicative clauses
- •4.1. Point out the predicative clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •4.2. Complete the sentences using predicative clauses.
- •4.3. Translate into English using predicative clauses.
- •5. Object clauses
- •5.1. Point out the object clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •5.2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •5.3. Paraphrase the sentences with object clauses to use inverted word order in the principal clause.
- •5.4. Define what types of clauses are introduced by what. Translate into Russian.
- •6. Attributive clauses
- •6.1. Point out the appositive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the connective.
- •6.2. Complete the sentences with an appropriate antecedent.
- •6.3. Point out the relative restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.4. Translate into English.
- •6.5. Insert the appropriate article.
- •6.6. Complete the sentences by using a particularizing clause.
- •6.7. Complete the sentences by using a classifying clause with the antecedent given in italics.
- •6.8. Point out the relative non-restrictive clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.9. Point out the relative clauses. Decide if they are restrictive or non-restrictive and punctuate accordingly. Translate into Russian.
- •6.10. Point out the continuative clauses. Translate into Russian. Analyse the antecedent and the conjunction.
- •6.11. Complete the sentences with a suitable attributive clause.
- •6.12. Define the type of attributive clauses (appositive, limiting, non-limiting, continuative). Translate into Russian.
- •6.13. Complete the sentences.
- •6.14. Insert the appropriate linking word. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •6.15. Transform the sentences with the help of attributive clauses.
- •6.16. Translate into English using attributive clauses.
- •6.17. Complete the sentences with who, whom, which or that. Define the type of the clauses. Sometimes more than one variant can be possible.
- •7. ADverbial clauses
- •7.1. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •7.2. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of time.
- •7.3. Fill in the gaps with by, by the time, until.
- •7.4. Translate into English using the correct verb form.
- •7.5. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.6. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.7. Join the sentences using the purpose word given.
- •7.8. Translate into English using adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •7.9. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.10. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result.
- •7.11. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.12. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of reason.
- •7.13. Underline the correct item.
- •7.14. Define the type of conditional sentence. Translate into Russian.
- •7.15. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.16. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of condition.
- •7.17. Transform the sentences with the help of adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.19. Fill in the gaps.
- •7.20. Complete the missing parts of the sentences.
- •7.21. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.22. Translate the sentences into English using adverbial clauses of concession.
- •7.23. Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.24. Fill in the correct word.
- •7.25. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •7.26. Point out the adverbial clauses and define their semantic type. Translate into Russian.
- •8. Parenthetical clauses
- •8.1. Point out the parenthetical clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •8.2. Paraphrase each two simple sentences into one complex with a parenthetical clause.
- •9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses
- •9.1. Analyse the following sentences with mutually subordinated clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •9.2. Insert the verb in the correct form.
- •9.3. Translate into English.
- •10. Appended clauses
- •10.1. Analyse the following sentences with appended clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •10.2. Complete the flowing sentences.
- •11. Absolute (independent) subordinate clauses
- •11.1. Analyse the clauses with implied condition or concession. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Grammatical homonyms
- •12.1. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with with. Translate into Russian.
- •12.2. Analyse the members of the sentences introduced with as if. Translate into Russian.
- •12.3. Is the underlined word an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction, or an adverb? To what semantic group does it belong? Single out homonymous parts of speech.
- •13. Connectives
- •13.1. Point out the connectives and analyse them. Translate into Russian.
- •13.2. Insert the most appropriate connectives. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
- •13.3. Use whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, whichever, however.
- •13.4. Comment upon the way of introducing the sub-clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •13.5. Join the sentences, then identify the function of the linking words in brackets.
- •13.6. Replace the underlined words with synonymous ones.
- •13.7. Complete the sentences using an appropriate linking word.
- •14. Inversion
- •14.1. Explain the cases of inversion n the following sentences.
- •14.2. Complete each sentence with an appropriate phrase.
- •14.3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •14.4. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase containing the verb in brackets in an appropriate form.
- •14.5. Emphasize the underlined phrases using the inverted words order.
- •15. Revision
- •15.1. Analyse the following sentences. Define the types of the subordinate clauses. Translate into Russian.
- •15.2. Translate into English.
- •15.3. Combine the two sentences into one sentence using so, so that, because (of), since, as.
- •15.4. Translate into English.
- •Appendix 1. Texts for analysis Text 1
- •(Jackie Walters. Why is English the international lingua franca?)
- •Appendix 2. Glossary
- •List or recommended books
9. Sentences with mutually subordinated clauses
9.1. Analyse the following sentences with mutually subordinated clauses. Translate into Russian.
1. But no sooner had he thought it, than the thing became much harder to do. 2. Filch wouldn’t help us if his life depended on it, he’s too friendly with Snape, and the more students get thrown out, the better, he’ll think. 3. Fred and George had hardly disappeared when someone far less welcome turned up: Malfoy, flanked by Crabbe and Goyle. 4. Hagrid simply loved monstrous creatures. The more they were lethal, the better it was. 5. Hardly could we settled here, when he turned it up again. 6. Neville’s robes had barely whipped round the corner when they heard Filch enter the trophy room. 7. No sooner did he suspect a mystery than he set himself to find it out. 8. Now she watched in horror as the two boys fought to pull the plant off them, but the more they strained against it, the tighter and faster the plant wound around them. 9. Harry had no sooner torn off Sirius’s reply than it (owl) took flight. 10. No sooner had they reached the door separating Fluffy from the rest of the school than Professor McGonagall turned up again, and this time, she lost her temper. 11. The more you love and trust Him, the nearer you will feel to Him. 12. The pile of tried wands was mounting higher and higher on the spindly chair, but the more wands Mr Ollivander pulled from the shelves, the happier he seemed to become.
9.2. Insert the verb in the correct form.
1. Harry tried – but he ……….. hardly …………. (raise) the wand when it, too, ……….. (snatch) back by Mr Ollivander. 2. He, Ron, Fred, and George ………. just …………. (reach) the first floor landing on their way down to breakfast, when Mrs. Weasley …………… (appear) at the foot of the stairs, looking harassed. 3. Malfoy swaggered forward when his name was called and got his wish at once: the hat …………. Barely ……………… (touch) his head when it …………. (scream), “SLYTHERIN!” 4. No sooner ………. we …………. (get out) of one trouble than down ………….. (come) another. 5. No sooner ……….. I ………… (reach) London than it …………… (become) clear to me that the place I should be was the one I had just left. 6. No sooner …………….. she ………….. (go) than her seat ………… (take) by Fred Weasley. 7. Scarcely ………….. Jo ………….. (speak) before she ………… (become) wild. 8. They …………. just ………….. (join) the end of the line, when a loud voice ………… (ring) out behind them. 9. The closer that bead …………….. (move), the harder Harry’s wand ………….. (vibrate). 10. The excitement ……….. hardly ………………. (subside) when Hannah ………….. (appear). 11. The more I ……………. (try) to satisfy myself with all sorts of natural affections, the more I ……………. (seem) to want. 12. The more she …………… (see) of Annie Moffat’s pretty things, the more she …………….. (envy) her and sighed to be rich. 13. The words …………. (be) hardly out of his mouth, when Ludo Bagman ……………. (emerge) from behind a tree right ahead of them.
9.3. Translate into English.
1. Чем скорее я поем, тем безопаснее будет наше путешествие. 2. Ты знаешь, что можешь контролировать эту палку, потому что ты это только что делал, когда доставлял ее ко мне. 3. О, я не знала, когда впервые остановила тебя. Я выяснила это только теперь, когда обыскала тебя. 4. Не успел я насладиться незавидным положением моего наставника, как Маша переключила все внимание на меня. 5. Не успел мой наставник высказать свое наблюдение до конца, как обращенная к нам стенка огромного ящика медленно опустилась наземь. 6. Я как раз нагонял их, когда Ааз внезапно остановился как вкопанный и начал поворачиваться. 7. Допустим, она невелика… но столь же невелики и усилия для извлечения ее. 8. Не успел я уползти за гребень холма, как тотчас поднялся на ноги и, низко пригнувшись, шмыгнул в этой позе вниз по склону. 9. Тот коротко ответил, что чем больше денег они экономили на накладных расходах и ремонте, тем больше у них будет средств, чтоб похвастаться предметами роскоши… вроде нас. 10. Чем легче войти, тем труднее выйти... а они делают нам вход ужасно легким. 11. Чем правильнее черты лица у человека, тем он эгоистичнее. 12. И чем больше он думал, тем больше он задавался вопросом, почему он когда-либо был таким болваном. 13. Чем больше она смотрела на него, тем более китайским он казался. 14. Чем раньше ты это закончишь, тем лучше будет оценка. 15. Время шло, мое терпение подходило к концу. 16. Как только он услышал ее голос, сразу убежал. 17. Едва он увидел нас, как запрыгнул в автобус. 18. Я едва успел закончить, как он вернулся и сказал, что все готово. 19. Не успел он закрыть окно, как она постучала. 20. Только он прикурил, как она попросила его затушить сигарету. 21. Чем больше вплетено лент, тем богаче была невеста, а значит, и выкуп должен быть большим. 22. Кажется, чем сильнее было предощущение праздника, тем тяжелее похмелье первого января. 23. Судьба же его складывалась так, что чем более он ощущал себя немцем, тем более ему в этом отказывали.