- •Unit 1. What is economics?
- •Lead-in
- •Words with the stress on the first syllable:
- •Words with the stress on the second syllable:
- •Polysyllabic words with the main and secondary stress:
- •Text a: What is Economics? Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: what economics isn't
- •Text c: Micro, Macro and Fantasy Economics
- •Business communication
- •Introductions How to Say Hello
- •If you're determined not to be caught cardless again, here are some tips to help you remember:
- •Grammar present tenses
- •The present simple tense
- •Make up questions the interviewer may ask her. Here are some prompts to help you.
- •Now formulate questions Alice is likely to ask the interviewer.
- •The present continuous tense
- •The present simple versus the present continuous
- •Unit 2. Factors of production
- •Lead-in
- •Reading drills
- •Words with the stress on the first syllable:
- •Words with the stress on the second syllable:
- •Polysyllabic words with the main and secondary stress:
- •Word-formation
- •Text a: factors of production Active Vocabulary
- •Natural resources – land and mineral deposits
- •Human resources – labour
- •Information as a factor of production
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Text b: entrepreneurship
- •Text c: Factors of Production for an Innovation Economy
- •Business communication
- •In the office
- •Grammar the present perfect tense
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •The present continuous versus the present perfect continuous
- •The present perfect versus the present perfect contnuous
- •Present tenses review
- •Unit 3.Types of economic systems
- •Lead-in
- •Words with the stress on the first syllable:
- •Words with the stress on the second syllable:
- •Polysyllabic words with the main and secondary stress:
- •Text a: types of economic systems Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b:command economy
- •T ext c: the good (and bad) model guide
- •Business communication
- •Grammar exercises past tenses
- •The past simple tense
- •The past continuous
- •The past simple versus the past continuous
- •The past simple versus the present perfect
- •Unit 4. Demand and supply
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: demand and supply
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b. The role of prices
- •T ext c: two factors that affect labour supply and demand
- •Business communication making an appointment
- •Grammar past perfect
- •Past perfect continuous
- •Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous?
- •Past Simple, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous?
- •Past tenses review
- •Unit 5. Free-enterprise system
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: what is free enterprise?
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: role of government in a free-enterprise economy
- •Text c: invisible hand
- •Business communication at the airport Look at the picture. What do you think the phrase Live out of a suitcase mean?
- •Going through Customs.
- •Do the drills.
- •2) Role-play the situations in the airport using the vocabulary of the lesson. Grammar future tenses
- •The future simple tense
- •The future simple versus the present simple
- •The future simple versus be going to
- •Be going to versus the present continuous
- •The future continuous tense
- •The future continuous versus the future simple
- •The future perfect versus the future perfect continuous
- •Future tenses review
- •The imperative mood
- •Unit 6. Forms of business organisation
- •Lead-in
- •Reading drills
- •Words with the stress on the first syllable:
- •Words with the stress on the second syllable:
- •Polysyllabic words with the main and secondary stress:
- •Word formation
- •Text a: forms of business organisation Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: nonprofit organisations
- •Text c: franchising
- •Business communication at the hotel
- •In pairs read the following situations.
- •2). Choose the correct options to the questions.
- •Grammar nouns
- •ArticleS
- •IntoEnglish.
- •Unit 7. Money
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: money and its role in the economy Active Vocabulary
- •Money is a medium of exchange
- •Money is a measure of value or a unit of account
- •Money is a store of value
- •Money is a means of liquidity
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: a glimpse of the american, british and euro
- •Text c: a barter way of doing business
- •Business communication On the phone
- •Inquiring about the telephone number
- •Useful Language Box
- •Grammar determiners
- •Numerals
- •Unit 8. Taxes
- •Lead-in
- •Reading drills
- •Text a: taxes Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: taxation in the uk
- •Text c: taxes are good
- •Business communication
- •In company
- •Grammar pronouns
- •Adjective and adverb
- •Very, too, far, much, a lot, rather, a bit, a little, any, by far, quite, nearly, almost
- •Test yourself Test 1
- •Test 11
- •Test 12
- •Test 13
- •Test 14
- •Test 15
- •Граматичний довідник дієслово the verb
- •Дієслова to be і to have.
- •Часи дієслова
- •Група теперішніх часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Правила написання дієслівних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Загальна таблиця випадків використання
- •Не мають форми тривалого часу дієслова, що виражають
- •Інші дієслова, які не можуть виражати дію або стан як процес:
- •Група минулих часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Випадки вживання минулих часів
- •Група майбутніх часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Випадки вживання майбутніх часів
- •Інші способи вираження майбутнього часу
- •Наказовий спосіб
- •Іменник the noun
- •Число іменників
- •Деякі іменники мають особливі форми у множині:
- •Утворення множини іменників
- •Класифікація іменників за ознакою обчислювані/необчислювані
- •Випадки переходу необчислюваних іменників у обчислювані
- •Іменники, які узгоджуються із дієсловом в однині
- •Іменники, які узгоджуються із дієсловом у множині
- •Рід іменників
- •Рід іменників в англійській мові
- •Відмінки іменників
- •Відмінок іменника. Форми та особливості вживання присвійного відмінку
- •Форми присвійного відмінку
- •Особливості вживання присвійного відмінку
- •Вживання іменників - назв неістот у присвійному відмінку
- •Іменники у функції означення
- •Артикль
- •Вживання неозначеного артикля.
- •Вживання неозначеного артикля a/an (тільки із обчислюваними іменниками в однині)
- •A/anабо one
- •Артиклі з деякими необчислюваними іменниками
- •Вживання означеного артикля
- •Вживання означеного артикля the
- •Вживання нульового артикля (відсутність артикля)
- •Детермінанти
- •Присвійні прикметники і займенники
- •Присвійні прикметники
- •Присвійні займенники
- •Вказівні слова
- •Кількісні слова
- •Some/any/no
- •Many/much/a lot (lots) of/ (a) few/ (a) little
- •All (of)/most (of)
- •Every/each
- •Another/the other/other
- •Both, neither, either, none
- •Числівники
- •Займенник
- •Особові займенники
- •It або there?
- •Неозначено-особові займенники
- •Indefinite Personal Pronouns
- •Зворотні займенники
- •Прикметник
- •Прислівник
- •Ступені порівняння прикметників
- •Особливі випадки утворення ступенів порівняння прикметників і прислівників
- •Appendices
- •Словотворення Word formation
- •Enjoy your reading
- •I, Pencil My Family Tree as told to Leonard e. Read
- •Innumerable Antecedents
- •Money The History of Money
- •Extract 1
- •Extract 2
- •Extract 3
- •Success story
- •The Financier, by Theodore Dreiser Chapter III
- •The Iron Heel, by JackLondon Chapter 2 Challenges
- •Glossary
- •Internet Resources
- •Contents
Business communication
FINDING THE WAY. GIVING DIRECTIONS
A Describing location
Ex.1. Answer the questions.
How do you get to the university? (by bus, car, train, bike, on foot)
How far is the university from your home?
How long does it take you to get to the university?
Can you describe where your university is situated and how to get there?
Ex.2. Look at the plan. Is the information true or false?
* you are here
The jewelry store is behind the Italian restaurant.
The bar is on Second Avenue.
The police station is on the left of the fire department.
The toy store is across from the Chinese restaurant.
The movie theater is opposite the book store.
The sporting goods store is behind the furniture store.
The bar is next to the Chinese restaurant.
The women’s wear store is between the Italian restaurant and the sporting goods store.
The men’s wear store is on/at the corner of Pine Street.
Ex.2. Fill in the missing preposition.
The women’s wear store is _____ the jewelry store.
The movie theatre is _____ the book store.
The women’s wear store is _____ the jewelry store and the bar.
The toy store is _____ of Main Street and Forest Street.
The jewelry store is _____ the Italian restaurant.
Ex.3. Study the language of describing position below and use the information to answer these questions.
Where is the office? Is it in building A, B, or C? Describe the position of the other two.
- The office is near the station. (It’s only two minutes on foot.)
- It's in / on Liberty Avenue, on/at the corner, on the left.
- It's next to the post office. (They are side by side.)
- And it's opposite / across from the bank. (On the other side of the road.)
Ex.4. Look at the picture below. If someone gives you the following instructions, where will you arrive? 1. Go straight on, take the second turning on your left. Pass the pub. It’s opposite the stadium.
2. Go straight on, turn right on Cliff Street. Go up Oxford Street. Turn left. It is between the station and the pub.
3. Go ahead. Turn the second turning on your right. Pass the bank and the chemist. It’s at the corner of Oak Street and Oxford Street.
4. Go ahead. Turn right. Go along Cliff Street. Turn right again. It is on your right next to the baker.
5. Go along Pine Street. Cross Cliff Street. It is between the hospital and the bank.
B . Giving directions.
Memorise the language of giving directions:
- come out of the General Post Office on Eighth Avenue;
- turn left into / onto Eighth Avenue;
- go along /up / down Eighth Avenue;
- take the first right onto West 33rd Street;
- walk past Madison Square Garden and Penn Station;
- go across Seventh Avenue, Avenue of the Americas, and Broadway;
- go into the last building on the left;
- take the lift (AmE elevator) to the 102nd floor.
Ex.5. Read the following conversations with visitors to the town.
Conversation 1
A: Excuse me, how do I get to the shopping centre?
B: Go along Princes Street, turn first left at the crossroads, then turn second right. The shopping centre is about 50 metres along that road, in the pedestrian area.
A: So, down Princes Street, left at the crossroads and then second right?
B: Yes, that's right.
A: Thanks a lot.
Conversation 2
A: Excuse me, how do I get to the museum?
B: Let me see ... yes. Go along this road. At the traffic lights turn left into Green Street and go straight on to Abbey Square. The museum is in the Square, on the right.
A: Sorry, could you say that again?
B: Yes. Go along this road. At the traffic lights turn left into Green Street. Then go straight on to Abbey Square. The museum is in the Square, on the right.
A: Thank you very much.
Conversation 3
A: Excuse me, is this the way to the sports centre?
B: No, the sports centre is in the opposite direction. Go along this road. There's a bridge on the left. Go over the bridge, then turn first right, then first left. The sports centre is at the end of the road, on the left, past the cinema.
A: Many thanks.
Conversation 4
A: Excuse me, can you give me directions to the convention center?
B: Yes, sir. It’s really close to here. Actually it’s within walking distance.
A: That’s what I heard. It’s a nice morning so I wanted to walk there.
B: Ok. Well, when you leave the hotel, cross the street and go right. When you see the library, turn left. That should be one Forty Second Street West (142nd W.) Head straight for a block and the convention center will be there on your right.
A: Thank you so much
B: You’re welcome.
Ex. 6. Using the map below, explain to a person new to your town how to get the desired thing. Choose from among:
get some hiking boots, get some cat food, buy some milk, work out, buy some pants, grab a hamburger, get some aspirin, see a movie, buy a book, mail a letter, buy some CDs, get a bite to eat.
The first dialogue is an example.
1. A: Do you know where I can get a cup of coffee? B: Sure. You could try the Starry Café. A: Where’s that? B: It’s on 2nd Avenue across from the pharmacy. A: Thanks. B: No problem.
2. A: Do you know where I can __________?
B: Sure. You could try the ___________.
A: Where’s that? B: It’s on 2nd Avenue above the Grocery. A: Thanks. B: You are welcome.
3. A: Do you know where I can __________?
B: Sure. You could try the ___________.
A: Where’s that?
B: It’s at the end of Elm Street below the Town Pub. A: Thanks a lot. B: That's OK.
4. A: Do you know where I can __________?
B: Sure. You could try the ___________.
A: Where’s that?
B: It’s right on the corner of 2nd Avenue and Elm Street. A: Thanks. B: No problem.
5. A: Do you know where I can __________?
B: Sure. You could try the ___________.
A: Where’s that?
B: It’s just at the corner of 2nd Avenue and Elm Street above the Chemist's. A: Thank you. B: Not at all.
6. A: Do you know where I can __________?
B: Sure. You could try the ___________.
A: Where’s that?
B: It’s on 2nd Avenue just opposite Max Records on the second floor. A: Thanks. B: You're welcome.
Ex.7. Work in pairs. Use the words below to complete the dialogues. You don’t need to use them all.
start get on come finish stop change get off go take go to
A: Excuse me.
B: Yes?
A: I want to ______ New Road.
B: Go to the right platform. ______ the first train. ______ at Yellow Circle to the train for Youth’s Gardens. ______ at Jankie’s which is on the New Road.
A: Thank you. How many stations from Yellow Circle? B: It’s the second station.
A: Thank you very much.
B: You’re welcome.
A: Excuse me.
B: Can I help you?
A: How do I get to Crossroads?
B: ______ any train from platform 1. ______ at King’s Yard. ______ the local train - it’s yellow. ______ at the next station. That’s it.
A: Thank you.
B: That’s quite all right.
Ex.8. Fill in the blanks for each extract. Use the following words.
across your corner down exit far front how right looking lost miss moment off on take to transfer way
Directions by Street Name and Nearby Landmarks:
A: You look ____________ . Can I help you?
B: Yeah. I’m ____________ for the Opera Theater. Do you know where it is?
A: It’s on the ____________ of Vladimirskaya Street and Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street. It’s not far from the Golden Gates Metro station. You can’t __________ it.
Directions by Underground or Bus:
A: Excuse me. Can I trouble you for a ____________ ?
B: Sure. What’s wrong?
A: I’m lost. Do you know ____________ to get ____________ the Olympic Stadium?
B: The easiest ____________ to get there is probably by underground. Just ____________ the Central Line to Khreschatyk Station, ____________ to Maidan Nezalezhnosti on Blue Line and get ____________ at Olympiyska Station. When you go out any ____________ , it should be right in ____________ of you.
Directions by Foot or Car:
A: Can I get to the Premier Palace Hotel from here ____________ foot?
B: Sure. It’s not that ____________ . Just go ____________ Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, then turn ____________ to Pushkinskaya Street and then left to Taras Shevchenko Street. The hotel should be on ____________ right. It’s ____________ from Bessarabska Square.
Using the above dialogues as a model, explain how to get to your university or home by underground or bus, on foot, by street name or nearby landmarks.
Ex.9. Look at the office plan. Can you match the questions and answers?
1 Excuse me. Where's the lift?
2 Excuse me. Where are the stairs?
3 Where's the computer room? A Where's the drinks machine?
5 Where are the toilets, please?
a On the right, just after the lift, b It's over there. The first door on the right, c It's just past the stairs. The third door on the right.
d Go through the doors at the end, and they're on the right, e Go to the end of the corridor, through the doors, and turn left.
Ex.10. John Smith has come to Glick and Warburg on a business trip, but he can’t find where the company’s office is. He calls Laura Sands, the company’s manager, on his mobile. Read the dialogue from the Business Basics course and answer these questions.
1 Where is John exactly? 2 Which floor is Glick and Warburg on? 3 Mark the position of Glick and Warburg on this floor plan.
L.: Laura Sands. How can I help you?
V: Hi, Laura. This is John.
L: John! Where are you?
V: I'm in your building but I can't find your offices.
L: Are you on the fourteenth floor?
V: No. I'm on the fourth. At reception they told me to go the fourth.
L: No, we're on the fourteenth, John. Are you near an elevator?
V: Yes, there's one just next to me. It's Elevator D.
L: Elevator D. OK. So take the elevator to the fourteenth floor. When you come out of the elevator, turn left. You'll see the Conference Center in front of you. Then take the first right.
V: One second. So that's left at the elevator, then first right.
L: Yeah. Go along the corridor, past the Conference Center. At the end of the corridor you come to a small escalator. Go up the escalator, and Glick and Warburg is immediately on the right, just opposite the Business Center.
V: So that's along the corridor, up the escalator, and you're on the right.
L: Yeah - just opposite the Business Center. It's easy to find. There are signs everywhere.
V: OK, thanks, Laura. I'll be with you in a moment. Bye.
L: Good luck, John!
Ex.11. You work in an office on the fourteenth floor. Decide where it is on the floor plan above, but don't tell your partner. Give your partner directions from one of the four lifts / elevators. Your partner must say which office it is.