- •Unit 1. What is economics?
- •Lead-in
- •Words with the stress on the first syllable:
- •Words with the stress on the second syllable:
- •Polysyllabic words with the main and secondary stress:
- •Text a: What is Economics? Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: what economics isn't
- •Text c: Micro, Macro and Fantasy Economics
- •Business communication
- •Introductions How to Say Hello
- •If you're determined not to be caught cardless again, here are some tips to help you remember:
- •Grammar present tenses
- •The present simple tense
- •Make up questions the interviewer may ask her. Here are some prompts to help you.
- •Now formulate questions Alice is likely to ask the interviewer.
- •The present continuous tense
- •The present simple versus the present continuous
- •Unit 2. Factors of production
- •Lead-in
- •Reading drills
- •Words with the stress on the first syllable:
- •Words with the stress on the second syllable:
- •Polysyllabic words with the main and secondary stress:
- •Word-formation
- •Text a: factors of production Active Vocabulary
- •Natural resources – land and mineral deposits
- •Human resources – labour
- •Information as a factor of production
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Text b: entrepreneurship
- •Text c: Factors of Production for an Innovation Economy
- •Business communication
- •In the office
- •Grammar the present perfect tense
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •The present continuous versus the present perfect continuous
- •The present perfect versus the present perfect contnuous
- •Present tenses review
- •Unit 3.Types of economic systems
- •Lead-in
- •Words with the stress on the first syllable:
- •Words with the stress on the second syllable:
- •Polysyllabic words with the main and secondary stress:
- •Text a: types of economic systems Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b:command economy
- •T ext c: the good (and bad) model guide
- •Business communication
- •Grammar exercises past tenses
- •The past simple tense
- •The past continuous
- •The past simple versus the past continuous
- •The past simple versus the present perfect
- •Unit 4. Demand and supply
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: demand and supply
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b. The role of prices
- •T ext c: two factors that affect labour supply and demand
- •Business communication making an appointment
- •Grammar past perfect
- •Past perfect continuous
- •Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous?
- •Past Simple, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous?
- •Past tenses review
- •Unit 5. Free-enterprise system
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: what is free enterprise?
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: role of government in a free-enterprise economy
- •Text c: invisible hand
- •Business communication at the airport Look at the picture. What do you think the phrase Live out of a suitcase mean?
- •Going through Customs.
- •Do the drills.
- •2) Role-play the situations in the airport using the vocabulary of the lesson. Grammar future tenses
- •The future simple tense
- •The future simple versus the present simple
- •The future simple versus be going to
- •Be going to versus the present continuous
- •The future continuous tense
- •The future continuous versus the future simple
- •The future perfect versus the future perfect continuous
- •Future tenses review
- •The imperative mood
- •Unit 6. Forms of business organisation
- •Lead-in
- •Reading drills
- •Words with the stress on the first syllable:
- •Words with the stress on the second syllable:
- •Polysyllabic words with the main and secondary stress:
- •Word formation
- •Text a: forms of business organisation Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: nonprofit organisations
- •Text c: franchising
- •Business communication at the hotel
- •In pairs read the following situations.
- •2). Choose the correct options to the questions.
- •Grammar nouns
- •ArticleS
- •IntoEnglish.
- •Unit 7. Money
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: money and its role in the economy Active Vocabulary
- •Money is a medium of exchange
- •Money is a measure of value or a unit of account
- •Money is a store of value
- •Money is a means of liquidity
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: a glimpse of the american, british and euro
- •Text c: a barter way of doing business
- •Business communication On the phone
- •Inquiring about the telephone number
- •Useful Language Box
- •Grammar determiners
- •Numerals
- •Unit 8. Taxes
- •Lead-in
- •Reading drills
- •Text a: taxes Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: taxation in the uk
- •Text c: taxes are good
- •Business communication
- •In company
- •Grammar pronouns
- •Adjective and adverb
- •Very, too, far, much, a lot, rather, a bit, a little, any, by far, quite, nearly, almost
- •Test yourself Test 1
- •Test 11
- •Test 12
- •Test 13
- •Test 14
- •Test 15
- •Граматичний довідник дієслово the verb
- •Дієслова to be і to have.
- •Часи дієслова
- •Група теперішніх часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Правила написання дієслівних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Загальна таблиця випадків використання
- •Не мають форми тривалого часу дієслова, що виражають
- •Інші дієслова, які не можуть виражати дію або стан як процес:
- •Група минулих часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Випадки вживання минулих часів
- •Група майбутніх часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Випадки вживання майбутніх часів
- •Інші способи вираження майбутнього часу
- •Наказовий спосіб
- •Іменник the noun
- •Число іменників
- •Деякі іменники мають особливі форми у множині:
- •Утворення множини іменників
- •Класифікація іменників за ознакою обчислювані/необчислювані
- •Випадки переходу необчислюваних іменників у обчислювані
- •Іменники, які узгоджуються із дієсловом в однині
- •Іменники, які узгоджуються із дієсловом у множині
- •Рід іменників
- •Рід іменників в англійській мові
- •Відмінки іменників
- •Відмінок іменника. Форми та особливості вживання присвійного відмінку
- •Форми присвійного відмінку
- •Особливості вживання присвійного відмінку
- •Вживання іменників - назв неістот у присвійному відмінку
- •Іменники у функції означення
- •Артикль
- •Вживання неозначеного артикля.
- •Вживання неозначеного артикля a/an (тільки із обчислюваними іменниками в однині)
- •A/anабо one
- •Артиклі з деякими необчислюваними іменниками
- •Вживання означеного артикля
- •Вживання означеного артикля the
- •Вживання нульового артикля (відсутність артикля)
- •Детермінанти
- •Присвійні прикметники і займенники
- •Присвійні прикметники
- •Присвійні займенники
- •Вказівні слова
- •Кількісні слова
- •Some/any/no
- •Many/much/a lot (lots) of/ (a) few/ (a) little
- •All (of)/most (of)
- •Every/each
- •Another/the other/other
- •Both, neither, either, none
- •Числівники
- •Займенник
- •Особові займенники
- •It або there?
- •Неозначено-особові займенники
- •Indefinite Personal Pronouns
- •Зворотні займенники
- •Прикметник
- •Прислівник
- •Ступені порівняння прикметників
- •Особливі випадки утворення ступенів порівняння прикметників і прислівників
- •Appendices
- •Словотворення Word formation
- •Enjoy your reading
- •I, Pencil My Family Tree as told to Leonard e. Read
- •Innumerable Antecedents
- •Money The History of Money
- •Extract 1
- •Extract 2
- •Extract 3
- •Success story
- •The Financier, by Theodore Dreiser Chapter III
- •The Iron Heel, by JackLondon Chapter 2 Challenges
- •Glossary
- •Internet Resources
- •Contents
Група майбутніх часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
Future Simple |
Future Continuous |
Future Perfect |
Future Perfect Continuous |
+ I will type. = I’ll type He /She/It/We/You/They will type. = ’ll type.
- I/He She/It/We/You/They will not type = won’t type
? Will I/he/she/it type? Will we/you/they type? * Shall вживається в основному з I, we коли ви у ввічливій формі просите поради чи вказівок або пропонуєте свою допомогу, участь. Shall I help you with your luggage? Shall I do it right away? |
+ I will be typing. = I’ll be typing. He/She/It/ We/You/They will be typing. = ’ll be typing.
- I/He She/It/We/You/They will not be typing. = won’t be typing.
? Will I /he/she/it be typing? Will we/you/they be typing? |
+ I will have typed. = I‘ll have typed. He/She/It/We/You/They will have typed. ’ll have typed.
- I/He She/It/We/You/They will not have typed. = won’t have typed.
? Will I/he/she/it have typed? |
+ I will have been typing. = I’ll have been typing. He/She/It/ We/You/They will have been typing.= ‘ll have been typing.
- I/He She/It/We/You/They will not have been typing. = won’t have been typing.
? Will I/he/she/it have been typing? Will we/you/they have been typing? |
Типи питальних речень
Future Simple |
Future Continuous |
Future Perfect |
Future Perfect Continuous |
We haven’t decided about our holiday yet. Most probably, we’ll go to Nice this summer.
|
I’m sorry, Fred. We can’t meet at 10 o’clock. This time tomorrow morning, I’ll be taking my driving test. |
I expect she will have changed her mind by tomorrow. |
By next Friday, Samuel and his friends will have been cruising in the Mediterranean for about two weeks. |
Will you go to France on holiday this summer? – Yes, we will. Won’t you go to Canada this summer? – No, we won’t. |
Will you be taking your driving test at this time tomorrow morning? – Yes, I will. Won’t you be taking your driving test at 9 o’clock? – No, I won’t. |
Will she have changed her mind by tomorrow? - Yes, (I think) she will. Won’t she have changed her mind by tomorrow? - No, (I’m afraid) she won’t. |
Won’t they have been cruising in the Mediterranean for three weeks by next Friday? – No, they won’t. Will they have been cruising in the Mediterranean for about two weeks by next Friday? – Yes, they will. |
You will go on holiday to France, won’t you? - Yes, (I think) we will. You won’t go on holiday to Сanada this year, will you? - No, we won’t.
|
You’ll be taking your driving test at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, won’t you? - Yes, I will. You won’t be taking your driving test at 9 o’clock tomorrow, will you? - No, I won’t.
|
She will have changed her mind by tomorrow, won’t she? - Yes, (I think) she will. She won’t have changed her mind by tomorrow, will she? - No, (I’m afraid) she won’t.
|
By next Friday, they will have been cruising in the Mediterranean for about two weeks, won’t they?- Yes, they will. They won’t have been cruising in the Mediterranean for a month by that time, will they? - No, they won’t. |
Where will you go on holiday this summer? - We’ll go to Nice this summer. When will you go to France? – This summer. Who will go with you to Nice this summer? – My friend Nadine will. |
What will you be doing at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning? - I’ll be taking my driving test. Who else will be taking a driving test at this time? – We will. |
Why will she have changed her mind by tomorrow?
Who will have changed her mind by tomorrow? |
How long will they have been cruising there by that time? - By that time, Samuel and his friends will have been cruising in the Mediterranean for about two weeks. Who will have been cruising in the Mediterranean for about two weeks - Samuel and his friends will. |