What is the overall survival rate?

What is the major difference in age presentation between hepatoma and hepatoblastoma?

PEDIATRIC TRAUMA

50%

Hepatoblastoma presents at younger than 3 years of age; hepatoma presents at older than 3 years of age and in adolescents

How do you estimate normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a child?

80 2 age (e.g., a 5-year-old child should have an SBP of about 90)

What is the 20–20–10 rule for fluid resuscitation of the unstable pediatric trauma patient?

What CT scan findings suggest small bowel injury?

What is the treatment for duodenal hematoma?

First give a 20-cc/kg LR bolus followed by a second bolus of 20-cc/kg LR bolus if needed; if the patient is still unstable after the second LR bolus, then administer a 10-cc/kg bolus of blood

Free fluid with no evidence of liver or spleen injury; free air, contrast leak, bowel thickening, mesentery streaking

Observation with NGT and TPN

What is bilious vomiting in an infant?

What does TORCHES stand for?

What is the common pediatric sedative?

What are the contraindications to circumcision?

When should an umbilical hernia be repaired?

What is the cancer risk in the cryptorchid testicle?

When should orchidopexy be performed?

Malrotation, until proven otherwise! (About 90% of patients with malrotation present before the first year of life)

Nonbacterial fetal and neonatal infections: TOxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), HErpes, Syphilis

Chloral hydrate

Hypospadias, etc., because the foreskin might be needed for future repair of the abnormality

1.5 cm, after 4 years of age; otherwise observe, because most close spontaneously; repair before school age if it persists

10 the normal testicular cancer rate

All patients with undescended testicle undergo orchidopexy after 1 year of age

What is the major concern with Pierre-Robin syndrome?

What are the most common cancers in children?

What is the most common solid neoplasm in infants?

What is the most common solid tumor in children?

Airway obstruction by the tongue!

1.Leukemia

2.CNS tumors

3.Lymphomas

Neuroblastoma

CNS tumors

What syndrome must you consider in the patient with abdominal pain, hematuria, history of joint pain, and a purpuric rash?

Chapter 67 / Pediatric Surgery 571

Henoch-Schönlein syndrome; patient may also have melena (50%) or at least guaiac-positive stools (75%)

What is Apley’s law?

What is the most common cause of SBO in children?

What is a patent urachus?

What is a “Replogle tube”?

The further a chronically recurrent abdominal pain is from the umbilicus, the greater the likelihood of an organic cause for the pain

Hernias

Persistence of the urachus, a communication between the bladder and umbilicus; presents with urine out of the umbilicus and recurrent UTIs

10 French sump pump NG tube for babies (originally designed by Dr. Replogle for suction of the esophageal blind pouch of esophageal atresia)

What are “A’s and B’s”?

What is the “double bubble” sign on AXR?

Apnea and Bradycardia episodes in babies

Gastric bubble and duodenal bubble on AXR; seen with duodenal obstruction (web, annular pancreas, malrotation with volvulus, duodenal atresia, etc.)