- •Dedication
- •Editors and Contributors
- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Contents
- •PREPARING FOR THE SURGERY CLERKSHIP
- •SURGICAL NOTES
- •COMMON ABBREVIATIONS YOU SHOULD KNOW
- •RETRACTORS (YOU WILL GET TO KNOW THEM WELL!)
- •SUTURE MATERIALS
- •WOUND CLOSURE
- •KNOTS AND EARS
- •INSTRUMENT TIE
- •TWO-HAND TIE
- •COMMON PROCEDURES
- •NASOGASTRIC TUBE (NGT) PROCEDURES
- •CHEST TUBES
- •NASOGASTRIC TUBES (NGT)
- •FOLEY CATHETER
- •CENTRAL LINES
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •THIRD SPACING
- •COMMON IV REPLACEMENT FLUIDS (ALL VALUES ARE PER LITER)
- •CALCULATION OF MAINTENANCE FLUIDS
- •ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES
- •ANTIBIOTICS
- •STEROIDS
- •HEPARIN
- •WARFARIN (COUMADIN®)
- •MISCELLANEOUS AGENTS
- •NARCOTICS
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •ATELECTASIS
- •POSTOPERATIVE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
- •PULMONARY EMBOLISM
- •ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA
- •GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS
- •ENDOCRINE COMPLICATIONS
- •CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
- •SEPTIC SHOCK
- •CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
- •NEUROGENIC SHOCK
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)
- •CENTRAL LINE INFECTIONS
- •WOUND INFECTION (SURGICAL SITE INFECTION)
- •NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
- •CLOSTRIDIAL MYOSITIS
- •SUPPURATIVE HIDRADENITIS
- •PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
- •PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS
- •PAROTITIS
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •CHEST
- •ABDOMEN
- •MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •OVERVIEW
- •CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK)
- •SECRETIN
- •GASTRIN
- •SOMATOSTATIN
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •GROIN HERNIAS
- •HERNIA REVIEW QUESTIONS
- •ESOPHAGEAL HIATAL HERNIAS
- •PRIMARY SURVEY
- •SECONDARY SURVEY
- •TRAUMA STUDIES
- •PENETRATING NECK INJURIES
- •MISCELLANEOUS TRAUMA FACTS
- •PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE (PUD)
- •DUODENAL ULCERS
- •GASTRIC ULCERS
- •PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER
- •TYPES OF SURGERIES
- •STRESS GASTRITIS
- •MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME
- •ESOPHAGEAL VARICEAL BLEEDING
- •BOERHAAVE’S SYNDROME
- •ANATOMY
- •GASTRIC PHYSIOLOGY
- •GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
- •GASTRIC CANCER
- •GIST
- •MALTOMA
- •GASTRIC VOLVULUS
- •SMALL BOWEL
- •APPENDICITIS
- •CLASSIC INTRAOPERATIVE QUESTIONS
- •APPENDICEAL TUMORS
- •SPECIFIC TYPES OF FISTULAS
- •ANATOMY
- •COLORECTAL CARCINOMA
- •COLONIC AND RECTAL POLYPS
- •POLYPOSIS SYNDROMES
- •DIVERTICULAR DISEASE OF THE COLON
- •ANATOMY
- •ANAL CANCER
- •ANATOMY
- •TUMORS OF THE LIVER
- •ABSCESSES OF THE LIVER
- •HEMOBILIA
- •ANATOMY
- •PHYSIOLOGY
- •PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- •DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
- •BILIARY SURGERY
- •OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE
- •CHOLELITHIASIS
- •ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
- •ACUTE ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS
- •CHOLANGITIS
- •SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
- •GALLSTONE ILEUS
- •CARCINOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER
- •CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
- •MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS
- •PANCREATITIS
- •PANCREATIC ABSCESS
- •PANCREATIC NECROSIS
- •PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST
- •PANCREATIC CARCINOMA
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •ANATOMY OF THE BREAST AND AXILLA
- •BREAST CANCER
- •DCIS
- •LCIS
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •MALE BREAST CANCER
- •BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
- •CYSTOSARCOMA PHYLLODES
- •FIBROADENOMA
- •FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE
- •MASTITIS
- •BREAST ABSCESS
- •MALE GYNECOMASTIA
- •ADRENAL GLAND
- •ADDISON’S DISEASE
- •INSULINOMA
- •GLUCAGONOMA
- •SOMATOSTATINOMA
- •ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME (ZES)
- •MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA
- •THYROID DISEASE
- •ANATOMY
- •PHYSIOLOGY
- •HYPERPARATHYROIDISM (HPTH)
- •PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
- •SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
- •LYMPHOMA
- •SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
- •BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
- •MISCELLANEOUS SKIN LESIONS
- •STAGING
- •INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) BASICS
- •INTENSIVE CARE UNIT FORMULAS AND TERMS YOU SHOULD KNOW
- •SICU DRUGS
- •INTENSIVE CARE PHYSIOLOGY
- •HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING
- •MECHANICAL VENTILATION
- •PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
- •LOWER EXTREMITY AMPUTATIONS
- •ACUTE ARTERIAL OCCLUSION
- •ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS
- •MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA
- •MEDIAN ARCUATE LIGAMENT SYNDROME
- •CAROTID VASCULAR DISEASE
- •CLASSIC CEA INTRAOP QUESTIONS
- •SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME
- •RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS
- •SPLENIC ARTERY ANEURYSM
- •POPLITEAL ARTERY ANEURYSM
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •PEDIATRIC IV FLUIDS AND NUTRITION
- •PEDIATRIC BLOOD VOLUMES
- •FETAL CIRCULATION
- •ECMO
- •NECK
- •ASPIRATED FOREIGN BODY (FB)
- •CHEST
- •PULMONARY SEQUESTRATION
- •ABDOMEN
- •INGUINAL HERNIA
- •UMBILICAL HERNIA
- •GERD
- •CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS
- •DUODENAL ATRESIA
- •MECONIUM ILEUS
- •MECONIUM PERITONITIS
- •MECONIUM PLUG SYNDROME
- •ANORECTAL MALFORMATIONS
- •HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE
- •MALROTATION AND MIDGUT VOLVULUS
- •OMPHALOCELE
- •GASTROSCHISIS
- •POWER REVIEW OF OMPHALOCELE AND GASTROSCHISIS
- •APPENDICITIS
- •INTUSSUSCEPTION
- •MECKEL’S DIVERTICULUM
- •NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS
- •BILIARY TRACT
- •TUMORS
- •PEDIATRIC TRAUMA
- •OTHER PEDIATRIC SURGERY QUESTIONS
- •POWER REVIEW
- •WOUND HEALING
- •SKIN GRAFTS
- •FLAPS
- •SENSORY SUPPLY TO THE HAND
- •CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
- •ANATOMY
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES
- •ORAL CAVITY AND PHARYNX
- •FACIAL FRACTURES
- •ENT WARD QUESTIONS
- •RAPID-FIRE REVIEW OF MOST COMMON CAUSES OF ENT INFECTIONS
- •THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME (TOS)
- •CHEST WALL TUMORS
- •DISEASES OF THE PLEURA
- •DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
- •DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
- •DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS
- •ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE
- •CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
- •CARDIAC TUMORS
- •DISEASES OF THE GREAT VESSELS
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •BASIC IMMUNOLOGY
- •CELLS
- •IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
- •OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION MECHANISMS
- •MATCHING OF DONOR AND RECIPIENT
- •REJECTION
- •ORGAN PRESERVATION
- •KIDNEY TRANSPLANT
- •LIVER TRANSPLANT
- •PANCREAS TRANSPLANT
- •HEART TRANSPLANT
- •INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTATION
- •LUNG TRANSPLANT
- •TRANSPLANT COMPLICATIONS
- •ORTHOPAEDIC TERMS
- •TRAUMA GENERAL PRINCIPLES
- •FRACTURES
- •ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA
- •DISLOCATIONS
- •THE KNEE
- •ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE
- •ROTATOR CUFF
- •MISCELLANEOUS
- •ORTHOPAEDIC INFECTIONS
- •ORTHOPAEDIC TUMORS
- •ARTHRITIS
- •PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS
- •HEAD TRAUMA
- •SPINAL CORD TRAUMA
- •TUMORS
- •VASCULAR NEUROSURGERY
- •SPINE
- •PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGERY
- •SCROTAL ANATOMY
- •UROLOGIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- •RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (RCC)
- •BLADDER CANCER
- •PROSTATE CANCER
- •BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
- •TESTICULAR CANCER
- •TESTICULAR TORSION
- •EPIDIDYMITIS
- •PRIAPISM
- •ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
- •CALCULUS DISEASE
- •INCONTINENCE
- •URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)
- •MISCELLANEOUS UROLOGY QUESTIONS
- •Rapid Fire Power Review
- •TOP 100 CLINICAL SURGICAL MICROVIGNETTES
- •Figure Credits
- •Index
Contents
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
. .v |
Editors and Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
.vi |
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
.vii |
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
viii |
SECTION I
OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND SURGICAL INFORMATION
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Surgical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
.9 |
Common Abbreviations You Should Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
15 |
Glossary of Surgical Terms You Should Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
18 |
Surgery Signs,Triads, etc.You Should Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
25 |
2. Surgical Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 3. Surgical Most Commons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 4. Surgical Percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 5. Surgical History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 6. Surgical Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 7. Sutures and Stitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 8. Surgical Knot Tying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 9. Procedures for the Surgical Ward and Clinic . . . . . . . .66
10. Incisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
11. Surgical Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
12. Surgical Speak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
13. Preoperative 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
14. Surgical Operations You Should Know . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
ix
x Contents
15. Wounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
16. Drains and Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
17. Surgical Anatomy Pearls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
18. Fluids and Electrolytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
19. Blood and Blood Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
20. Surgical Hemostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
21. Common Surgical Medications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
22. Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
23. Common Causes of Ward Emergencies . . . . . . . . . .156
24. Surgical Respiratory Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
25. Surgical Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160
26. Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
27. Surgical Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
28. Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
29. Surgical Prophylaxis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
30. Surgical Radiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
31. Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
32. Surgical Ulcers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
33. Surgical Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197
SECTION II
GENERAL SURGERY
34. GI Hormones and Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199 35. Acute Abdomen and Referred Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Contents xi
36. Hernias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
37. Laparoscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223
38. Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
39. Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
40. Upper GI Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254
41. Stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270
42. Bariatric Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281
43. Ostomies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284
44. Small Intestine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286
45. Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
46. Carcinoid Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
47. Fistulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305
48. Colon and Rectum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308
49. Anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325
50. Lower GI Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334
51.Inflammatory Bowel Disease:
Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis . . . . . . . . . .338
52. Liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345
53. Portal Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357
54. Biliary Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364
55. Pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382
56. Breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399
57. Endocrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418
xii Contents
58. Thyroid Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438
59. Parathyroid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452
60. Spleen and Splenectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458
61. Surgically Correctable HTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463
62. Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Lymphomas . . . . . . . . . . .464
63. Skin Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469
64. Melanoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471
65. Surgical Intensive Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476
66. Vascular Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489
SECTION III
SUBSPECIALTY SURGERY
67. Pediatric Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517
68. Plastic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .572
69. Hand Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578
70. Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery . . . . . . . . .586
71. Thoracic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621
72. Cardiovascular Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .648
73. Transplant Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .671
74. Orthopaedic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .690
75. Neurosurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .721
76. Urology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .743
Rapid Fire Power Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
.767 |
Figure Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
775 |
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
776 |