MR Imaging of Brain Tumors
Elke Hattingen and Monika Warmuth-Metz
Contents |
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1 |
Introduction ........................................................................ |
12 |
2 |
Brain Tumors in Adults ..................................................... |
12 |
2.1 |
Questions to the Radiologist................................................. |
12 |
2.2 |
Tumor Localization .............................................................. |
16 |
2.3 |
Tumor Malignancy ............................................................... |
18 |
2.4 |
Tumor Monitoring ................................................................ |
20 |
2.5 |
Imaging Protocol .................................................................. |
27 |
2.6 |
Case Illustrations .................................................................. |
34 |
3 |
Pediatric Brain Tumors...................................................... |
38 |
3.1 |
Standard MRI ....................................................................... |
38 |
3.2 |
Differential Diagnosis of Common Pediatric |
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Brain Tumors ........................................................................ |
40 |
3.3 |
Early Postoperative Imaging ................................................ |
43 |
3.4 |
Meningeal Dissemination..................................................... |
43 |
3.5 |
Follow-Up Examinations...................................................... |
48 |
References .................................................................................... |
52 |
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Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of important radiological aspects in brain tumor imaging. It was not our aim to deal with the wide differential diagnosis of brain tumors, and this chapter should not replace a neuroradiological textbook. Instead, it addresses important radiological and neurological aspects which should be known by the radiologist reporting brain tumors. In general, age is one of the most important criterion to distinguish different brain neoplasms, since the differential diagnosis differ considerably between ages. Therefore, the chapter is divided into childhood and adulthood brain tumors. Further, important pitfalls in brain tumor diagnosis are treated especially concerning non-neoplastic brain lesions and post-treat- ment changes. The localization of brain tumors in relation to functional brain areas is another important issue which has to be reported by the neuroradiologist, since preservation of important brain function is the ultimate goal and determines the treatment modality. Therefore, this chapter gives some help to localize a tumor with respect to the functional primary motor and language areas.
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Abbreviations |
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MRI |
Magnetic resonance imaging |
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CT |
Computed tomography |
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CNS |
Central nervous system |
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SE |
Spin echo |
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FLAIR |
Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery |
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PD |
Proton density |
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i.v. |
intravenous |
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fMRI |
Functional MRI |
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E. Hattingen (*) |
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DWI |
Diffusion-weighted imaging |
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Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Goethe University |
ADC |
Apparent diffusion coefficient |
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Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt |
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DTI |
Diffusion tensor imaging |
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e-mail: Elke.Hattingen@kgu.de |
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SWI |
Susceptibility-weighted imaging |
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M. Warmuth-Metz |
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PNET |
Primitive neuroepithelial tumor |
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Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, |
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DNET |
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor |
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Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg |
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E. Hattingen, U. Pilatus (eds.), Brain Tumor Imaging, |
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11 |
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Medical Radiology. Diagnostic Imaging, |
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DOI: 10.1007/174_2016_936, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 |
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