Exercise 8

Answer the following questions

1. What is mechanics?

2. What are the basic laws in mechanics?

3. What would a structural engineer predict knowing the principles of

mechanics?

4. What information enables the engineer to determine the forces acting on the members and causing deformation?

5. Why must engineers understand the principles of mechanics?

6. What is the primary goal of mechanical analysis?

7. What are the basic quantities used in mechanics?

8. What does force result from?

9. What is mass?

10 What is weight?

11 Is length a linear measure?

Exercise 9

Look through the text again and find the reasons why

1. a body deforms

2. the beam deflects when a heavy load is placed on it

3. either effect requires the measurement of length

4. the properties of materials become an important engineering

consideration

Exercise 10

Now read these two paragraphs and add the missing words:

strain, stress

1. A … is the force within a body resists deformation due to an externally applied load. If this load acts upon a surface of unit are, it is called a unit force and the stress resisting it a unit stress.

2. When an external force acts upon an elastic material, the material is deformed and the deformation is in proportion to the load. This distortion or deformation is ….

Exercise 11

For each English word in bold type find a Russian equivalent from the given words; read and translate the sentences

перечень, строительство, конструкция, первобытный, примитивный, система, элементарный, начальный, капитель, капитал, сооружение, декоративный, список

1. The designer may begin by making a list of the various activities which are likely to take place in the building.

2. As a rule, the architect has only an elementary knowledge of electrical theory.

3. Primitive tribes who lived in forested areas found wood and not stone their obvious building material.

4. The most common system used brick, often faced with some other decorative material.

5. Modern construction in steel also has little need for capitals, since the column and beam sections are basically similar.

Exercise 12

Ask questions to which the following statements may serve as answers.

Model: Structural members are often subjected to loads and stresses. (What ….to?) What are structural members subjected to?

1. Fatigue failures in structural members are produced by progressive fracture leading from points of high stress concentrations.

( What … by?)

2. The type of fracture produced in ductile metals under fatigue loading differs greatly from the kind of fracture under static loading.

( Where … from?)

3. Statistical procedures are used for the interpretation of fatigue strength data.

( What .. for?)

4. As repeated stressing progresses, voids develop within the slip bands.

( Why … ?)

5. With further stressing, the small voids become larger until they join together to form cracks.

( When … ?)