Exercise 8

Answer the following questions:

1. For what purpose does man use water?

2. Is water available in unlimited quantities?

3. Where can water be taken from?

4. What parts does a water-supply system consist of?

5. What way can water be heated?

6. What are waste products?

7. What is the general process of removing sewage designated?

8. What are the usual methods of sewage treatment?

9. What systems are called plumbing?

Exercise 9

Say whether these statements are True or False. Correct the False statements

1. Water is available in unlimited quantities everywhere.

2. A lake, stream, spring or well may be a source of water supply.

3. Water in a low-pressure hot-water system is heated in the laundry tanks.

4. The sewers are usually placed in the streets at several feet above the ground surface.

5. Every building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating system.

Exercise 10

Write the questions for these sentences.

1. The problem of good sanitation is closely connected with that of protecting the purity of natural water reservoirs.

(What | the problem of good sanitation | to be connected with | ?)

2. The removal of all kinds of sewage is usually accomplished by means of sewers.

(What | the removal of sewage | to be accomplished by | ?)

3. A circulation of water is set up the process known as convection.

(What | convection | to be | ?)

4. Water may be taken from any sources of water for human consumption.

(Where | water | may be taken from | ?)

5. Industry replaces water diverted to its use.

(What way| industry | to replace water to its use | ?)

Exercise 11

Make up a plan for retelling. Be ready to retell the text.

Unit 8 technology of building construction exercise 1

Read and translate the following international words, paying attention to the part of speech.

progress ['prәugres] n, excavation [ekskә'veiʃ(ә)n]n ,stability [‘stә'biliti]n, safety [;seifti]n, proportion [prә':po:ʃ(ә)n]v, technique [tek'nik]n, column ['kOlәm]n, electrical [elekt’riʃ(ә)l]a, traditional [trә'diʃәn(ә)l]a, process ['prouses]n, perimeter [pә'rimitә]n, mobility [mo(u);biliti]n, excavator [eksk{'veitә]n, scraper ['skreipә]n, bulldozer ['bul’douzә]n, crane [krein]n.

Exercise 2

Pay attention to the meaning of the following “faux amis”:

construction - строительство, возведение сооружений.

structure - здание, сооружение, структура.

technique - способ, метод, техника.

Exercise 3

Read and remember the following words and phrases.

dig (dug dug) копать

basement (подвал) фундамент, основа.

foundation основание, фундамент.

framework каркас; остов; рама; коробка

erect сооружать

clothe облекать, покрывать

coat грунтовка, обшивка, слой

load нагрузка

impose налагать

proportion соразмерять, распределять

beam балка

girder балка, перекладина; прогон

arrange располагать(ся)

slab плита

reinforced concrete армированный бетон

prestressed concrete предварительно напряженный бетон

steel сталь

cast отливать

elevation высота, поднятие

hydraulic jack гидравлический домкрат

jack подъемное приспособление

clearing раскопки

grading выравнивание, обработка рейдером,

земляные работы

site area строительный участок (площадка)

pour заливать, лить

duct труба, канал

formwork ['fO:mwә:k] опалубки

edge борт, край, кромка

sputtering опалубки

fill насыпь, заполнение, закладка

collar закраина, основной венец; стяжка

conduit труба, изоляционный канал

wax блок, пластичная плитка

adhere [әd'hiә] прилипать, сцепляться

sufficient [sә'fiʃ(ә)nt] достаточно

elapse проходить (о времени)

curing выдерживание (бетона)

rod стержень, брус, рейка

clearance ['kliәrens] зазор

dimensional размерный, пространственный

simultaneously одновременно

waterproof водонепроницаемый; герметичный

ensure [in'ʃuә] обеспечивать, гарантировать

significance [sig'nifikәns] значение, смысл

capacity производительность, мощность, вместимость

urgent [;ә:dZәnt] крайне необходимый

embrace [im'breis] включать, охватывать