Эллипсис

Exercise 50. Translate the following sentences and find out ellipses in them.

1. The site shall be cleared of all offensive animal or vegetable matter which would, if not removed, affect adversely the building or some part thereof. 2. Structures of such type, unless very well designed, may cause many maintenance troubles. 3. Find the final volume of the brass cube, given that the coefficient of linear expansion of brass is 0.00002 per degree C. 4. Tower cranes will, if properly used, effect considerable savings in building costs. 5. The left-hand term would double, but so would the right-hand term, since the area now has twice its former value.

Двойное управление

Exercise 51. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the dual government.

1. Any employee who will appear incompetent, disorderly, or in any other way disqualified for or unfaithful to the work entrusted to him may be discharged. 2. These drawings will be furnished to or made available for the inspection of the engineer. 3. Only finished units are transported to the site. This means a reduction in transport to, and storage on, the building site. 4. The author is indebted to those who placed at his disposal informative matter and data, which largely contributed to and made possible the compilation of the book. 5. The contractor's services will include the specifications for and supervising the taking of test borings.

Многозначность

Exercise 52. Translate the sentences and state what part of speech the words in bold type belong to.

1. Thus site conditions and qualities are of major concern in architectural creation. If these questions that concern sound are clearly answered by the architect, he cannot go far wrong. Thus sound reasons may exist for supplying extra height or depth. 2. With stairs the comfort of the climb depends on the proportion of the tread width to the riser height and on the number of steps in a single run between landings. The room is enclosed, with practically continuous glass windows which run down to the floor. 3. If solar-heat storage is to be the sole heating source for a cold and cloudy period which might last for a week, a large investment, as well as much space, must be given up to the equipment for absorbing and storing the heat. In hot weather the temperature in conditioned spaces may be progressively raised during the last hour of a working day so as to minimize unpleasant contrasts between indoor and outdoor temperatures. 4. Unit costs for rock excavation or for other special types of foundation form part of the contract. Living plants are one of the most successful elements for modern interiors; they form, as it were, a living ornament. Correct heights, finishes and colors may all combine to generate forms pleasant to the eye. 5. Though the foreign flights are perhaps more spectacular, they should not be given prominent locations in the airports to the disadvantage of the operation of domestic flights which occur with greater frequency. It is foreign to the monolithic character of reinforced concrete to design and assemble structures with very small units. 6. The number of steps in a single run between landings and the incline of flights of stairs vary greatly from example to example. The scheme is not successful because it requires that aircraft taxiing to the take-off position pass directly across the line of flight of aircraft coming in for a landing. 7. Next in order of simplicity is the rock-fill type of cofferdam. In order to eliminate the extra traffic of delivery trucks through the residential lanes a shopping center should be located at the periphery rather than in the heart of a neighborhood. The merchants fool themselves into believing that the through traffic means business activity for them. 8. The entire plan of the garden is often based on a curving path which winds around the area and provides an extraordinary variety of carefully composed views. For greater limits the wind stresses are carried to the ground by the steel frame. 9. This by no means completes the architect's creative process. 10. Walls fall naturally into two classes: those which bear the weight of the roof or the walls and floors above them, and those which carry no weight except their own. The natural fall of the ground has provided space for underbuilding. 11. It has been man's lot to dream; from his dreams come new conquests of space and time, the awe-inspiring machinery of today. In general the existence of topographical variety in a lot may be held an advantage rather than the reverse. 12. Although spaces designed for private and individual life play a large part in the health, efficiency, and emotional satisfaction of everyone, little close study has been made of the architectural problems involved. Controllable openings may be provided over the heads of windows to discharge the heated air close to the ceiling. In wood construction there is usually sufficient play at columns to take up any expansion.

Exercise 53. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type. State the cases when they are translation loans.

A. 1. Since the war has made the whole world "air-minded", it seems unlikely that the perfection of other means of travel will discourage the continuous growth of aviation. 2. Such elements as walls and openings, supports, floors and ceilings, rooms – are the letters of the architect's alphabet. 3. Tradition must not blind us to new possibilities. 4. In later years the engineering firms which design bridges have been influenced by the prevailing trends to divorce themselves from precedent and design on the merits of each case. 5. One of the outstanding characteristics of modern architecture is its ability to wed what is inside a building to what is outside. 6. By scientific methods the needs and ills of the city can be measured, diagnosed, and eventually prescribed for. 7. The first achievement in landscape design is its development of a general skill in the handling of semi-wild planting which succeeds in merging the more tailored surroundings into the untamed landscape farther away.

B. 1. The ground-water table usually is not horizontal but follows, in a general way, the contour of the ground surface. 2. The main advantage of the through type of terminal is that it permits trains to follow one another rapidly to the same platform; the disadvantage lies in the complication of access for passengers, goods, servicing and maintenance. 3. Since we have only two fundamental equations for translation we cannot solve a joint if there are more than two forces or stresses unknown. 4. The foregoing may be translated into the following mathematical expression: plant cost, plus operating cost, plus river handling cost. 5. The tunnels house two 30" belt conveyers. 6. The whole crew is "green" and in spite of repeated warnings that this or that might happen unless the operators follow instructions carefully, about the only way some of them learn is by finding out for themselves. 7. The codes of various countries and cities institute limitations. 8. Many of the large department stores run now successful lunch restaurants on their upper floors. 9. The load considered is the proportional part of the floor load (live and dead) which is transmitted to the girder in question. 10. Crews of nine, recruited from all over England, man the four house trailers that serve, as observation posts. 11. Such a transportation system could soft-land payloads of up to 30,000 pounds on the moon. 12. Diagonal parking, as well as right angle parking, should be made to back in and head out.