Предлоги, обозначающие место

above - над There is a lamp above the table.

across - через I live across the street. around - вокруг We are sitting around the table. at - у, в, возле, рядом We are sitting at the table.

I study at the University. The pupils are at the lesson. behind - за, позади, сзади There is a garden

between - между down - вниз in - в on — на under - под

behind the house. Between the tables. Down the river. He is in the office. The book is on the desk. The book is under the table.

in front of — впереди, перед

near — вблизи, около, рядом с, возле over - над, через, сверх

There is a telephone in front of him. She is sitting near the table.

up - вверх

There is a bridge over the river. Up the river.

Предлоги направления

to — к Come to me.

from - от, из, со Take this book from the table.

into — в, внутрь out of - из on(to) /onto - на through - через, сквозь

I come from Russia. Put the book into the bag. Take the book out of the bag. Snow fell onto the ground.

He came in through the door.

Предлоги времени

in - в in April, in 2000

in - через in an hour, in two days

at - в at 5 o'clock, at midnight

on - в on Monday, on the 10th of February

by - к

from ... till ... — от... до from 5 to 6 о' clock

from... to... - от... до from 5 till 6 o'clock

for - в течение for an hour

during - во время during the lesson

after - после after work

before - перед before the lesson

within - в течение within a month

Прочие предлоги

by - посредством with - вместе с for - для

fj^ Задание 4.3. Заполните пропуски предлогами.

1 .There is a picture ... the wall. 2. What street do you live ...? 3. ... Sunday we often swim ... the river. 4. Last week he went ... Moscow. 5.They will go ... the college tomorrow. 6. She goes ... work ... bus. 7. My brother stayed ... home ... the evening. 8. Many people travel ... train. 9.1 see many books ... the table and ...the bookcase. 10. I was born ... the first ... October. 11. Our lessons begin ... nine o'clock ... the morning. 12. He took some books ... the table and put them ... his bag. 13. We went ... home ... foot. 14. They often go ... a walk ... the park. 15. My father works ... the plant. 16.1 don't like to sit ... the window. 17. She stood ... and went ... the room. 18. Usually I get up ... 7 o'clock , put ... my dress and go ...

the kitchen.19. My friend goes sports and I am fond

... music. 20.... summer we spend much time ... the open.

L ESSON 5 Engineering

%^f 5.1. Прочитайте новые слова, пользуясь транс­крипционными знаками, и переведите предложения:

1. to deal (with) [di:l] иметь дело с, работать

2. operation [эрэ'ге1Гэп] действие, работа, операция

3. complex ['kompleks] множество, сложный

4. property ['ргэрэп] свойство, качество, особенность

5. field [ fi:Id] область, сфера, поле (деятельности)

6. to consume [kan'sju:m] потреблять

7. among [э'тлп] между, посреди, среди

8. to transmit [traenz'mit] передавать, пропускать проводить

9. extremely [iks'tritmh] чрезвычайно, крайне, очень

Mechanical engineers deal with machinery, mechanisms and engines. Computers can perform several millions of operations in a second. Some problems are too complex to solve. Synthetic materials have useful mechanical and physical properties. He is a specialist in the field of electronics.

Production of aluminium

consumes a lot of

electricpower.

There was a small village

among the fields.

Mobile phones transmit and

receive microwave radio

signals.

Knowledge of materials properties is extremely important for engineers.

10. to reduce [n'dju:s] Automation reduces the сокращать, уменьшать costs of production.

11. application [,a?ph'keij"3n] Application of new применение, использование, techniques raised the употребление quality of production.

12. trend [trend] Use of composite materials направление, is a new trend in тенденция engineering.

13. towards [t3'wD:dz] Rivers in Siberia flow к, по направлению к towards the north.

14. to lower ['loua] Safety belts can lower the risk снижать, уменьшать of trauma in road accident.

15. device [di'vais] Modern cars have a number устройство, аппарат, of safety devices, прибор

16. single ['singl] We didn't see a single один, единственный, solution of the problem, единичный

17. to create [kn'eit] Computer programmers создавать, create new software, проектировать,

разрабатывать

18. dimensions [di'menjsn] Egyptian pyramids размеры, величина; are structures of very объем large dimensions, мат. измерение Computers allow to

work with three dimensional models.

19. to replace [n'pleis] Digital telephone systems заменять are replacing analogue ones.

20. digital ['didjitl] Digital sound recording is made цифровой on compact discs.

21. analogue ['asnsbg] Analogue signal can be аналоговый transformed into digital one.

22. speed [spi:d] New models of computer скорость, быстрота processors have greater speed

and are more reliable. 23. maintenance ['meintansns] The maintenance of эксплуатация, техническое the device is not very

Working on computer requires much attention.

Fast typing is an

essential skill

nowadays. He devoted himself to research work. John was selected for the basketball team.

difficult. To become a good specialist is the purpose of my study.

The first artificial satellite was launched on the 4^th of October, 1957. Robots can perform the work faster than people. We intended to complete the experiment by Friday. The Earth moves on its orbit around the Sun.

обслуживание

24. purpose ['pa:pss] цель; назначение, намерение

25. artificial f arti'fiJTJ искусственный

26. to perform [рэ'Ь:т] делать, выполнять

27. to intend [in'tend] намереваться,

28. to move [mu:v] двигать(ся), передвигать(ся), перемещать(ся)

29. to require [n'kwaia] нуждаться (в чём-л.); требовать (чего-л.)

30. essential [i'senjbl] существенный; необходимый; основной

31. to devote [di'vout] посвящать

32. to select [si'lekt] выбирать, отбирать

26. particularly [pa'tikjulali] особенно, в частности

27. appropriate [a'prouprut] подходящий, соответствующий

He was particularly interested in modern Internet technologies. Every computer device has an appropriate driver.

35. to specify ['spesifai] The instructions specify точно определять, how the device is to be устанавливать used.

36. to withstand [wid'staend] New artificial противостоять, materials can

выдерживать withstand high

temperatures.

37. procedure [pra'sicrjg] The testing procedure is методика, метод rather simple.

38. to assist [s'sist] The young nurse was помогать, содействовать assisting at her first

operation.

39. to suggest [sa'cfeest] They suggested to make a предлагать, советовать new research.

40. occupation [,okju'pei/a] His occupation is a род занятий, профессия project manager (на­чальник строительства).

41. improvement [im'prurvmant] The tests showed that улучшение, the device needs усовершенствование improvements.

%^f 5.2. Прочитайте следующие слова, пользуясь знаками транскрипции, и найдите их русские экви­валенты:

canal [кэ'паг1]

material [тэ'пэпэ!]

mechanism ['mekanizm]

pneumatic [nju:'maetik]

ventilation ['venti'lei/эп]

signal ['signal]

laser ['leizs]

radar ['reids]

optics ['optiks]

revolution [,reva'Iu:Jh]

parallel ['paeralel]

aerodynamics ['earoudai'nasmiks]

navigation [^nasvi'geifn] atmosphere ['astmssna] rocket ['rokit] reactor [n'skts] radiation ['reidi'eijh] radioactive ['reidiou'a?ktiv] method ['meOad]

5.3. Найдите в правой колонке перевод анг­лийских слов:

1. appropriate А. отбирать

2. essential В. передавать

3. property С. помогать

4. speed D. предлагать

5. to assist Б. свойство

6. to create F. скорость

7. to reduce G. создавать

8. to require H. сокращать

9. to select I. соответствующий

10. to suggest J. существенный

11. to transmit К. требовать

0^4 5.4. Прочтите и переведите следующие слово­сочетания на русский язык: design of large buildings construction materials to operate machinery of all types electric power and signals engineering problems electronic circuits important developments to transmit power to reduce power losses communication systems speed of computer operations techniques of modern shipbuilding

particular requirements of production to withstand the high temperatures to reduce accidents

^TEXT 1