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I. Learn the following words.

sufficient – достатній;

convert – перетворювати;

essential - необхідний, суттєвий;

deficiency - недостатність, дефіцит;

soluble – розчинний;

dissolve - розчиняти;

cod liver oil - риб'ячий жир;

ascorbic acid - аскорбінова кислота;

dairy – молочний;

wheat germ oil - масло зародків пшениці;

whole-grain cereals - цільнозернові злаки;

yeast – дріжджі;

lean – пісний;

legume - боби, бобові;

fortify - збагачувати; вітамінізувати;

unrefined - нерафінований, неочищений;

scurvy - цинга, гіпомітаміноз віт. С;

rickets - рахіт, остеомаляція;

retention – затримання.

1. Match the following terms with their definitions.

1. deficiency

a. any of various organic substances that are essential in minute quantities to the nutrition of most animals and some plants

2. cod liver oil

b. a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells or in haemoglobin

3. starch

с. a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules

4. anaemia

d. a limitation on the use or enjoyment of property or a facility

5. gut flora

e. a deficiency disease that affects the young during the period of skeletal growth, is characterized especially by soft and deformed bones

6. restriction

f. a shortage of substances necessary to health

7. vitamin

g. microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts

8. scurvy

h. a white odourless tasteless granular or powdery com­plex carbohydrate in plants

9. rickets

і. a nutritional supplement derived from the liver of cod fish with high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A and D

10. antioxidant

j. a disease characterized by spongy gums, loosening of the teeth, and a bleeding into the skin and mucous " membranes

2. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Vitamin A deficiency is estimated to affect approximately one third of children under the age of five around the world.

2. Vitamin С is found in high concentrations in immune cells, and is consumed quickly during infections.

3. In modern Western societies, scurvy is rarely present in adults, although infants and elderly people may be affected.

4. A multivitamin is a preparation intended to supplement a human diet with vitamins, dietary minerals and other nutritional ele­ments.

5. Wheat germ oil contains the four fatty acids which have been re­ported to lower plasma cholesterol in humans.

6. In their natural form whole-grain cereals are a rich source of vita­mins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, oils, and protein.

7. Cod liver oil is widely taken to ease the pain and joint stiffness associated with arthritis, and has also been clinically proven to have a positive effect on the heart, bones, skin, hair, and nails.

8. Soft cod liver can be tinned (canned) and eaten. It is an important source of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids.

9. Children and adults both require folic acid to produce healthy blood cells and prevent anaemia.

10. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in developing countries. The predominant cause is a vitamin D de: ciency, but lack of adequate calcium in the diet may also lead rickets.