9. Переведите предложения, учитывая значения подчёркнутых словосочетаний. Выпишите и запомните их значения.

1. An appropriate (соответствующий) command signal is formed according to the control strategy.

2. The device gathers (собрать) information in order to ensure the required value of the quality index.

3. The comparison (сравнение) has different criteria according to the task and diagnosis strategy.

4. In addition to monitoring, automatic supervision must have the capability to carry out (выполнять) a control action.

5. It is necessary to relate the faults (ошибки) according to the monitoring and diagnosis functions.

6. In order to increase output as well as to protect systems and operators, the monitoring and diagnosis functions of manufacturing are integrated into control system.

7. The control action influences the production process according to a chosen supervising strategy.

10. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные значения слова “one” (Приложение 2, табл. 14).

1. One must record this new error signal.

2. When classifying an error, one usually utilized a rule base.

3. Adaptive control is a term that has been used for many years in control theory, but with a meaning not identical to the one it has in automatic supervisory system.

4. There are many ways of classifying disturbances. From the point of view of supervisory functions, the most important one is based on the consequence of disturbances.

11. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода герундия (Приложение 2, табл. 8).

1. Measuring resistance is necessary in many experiments.

2. One cannot keep dividing matter without reaching the stage when further subdivision is impossible.

3. In actual machining, no standardized method of performing surface roughness (неровность) measurements has been established.

4. By measuring the potential, a measurement of the applied force can be made.

5. Because of the severe conditions in the cutting zone, there is no way of inspecting the tool wear optically during cutting.

6. Such a system is cheap to install when manufacturing the machine-tool and still cheap to fit into an already existing machine on the shopfloor (сборочная площадка).

12. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Classification of disturbances and supervisory functions

There are many possible ways of classifying disturbances in manufacturing. From the point of view of supervisory functions the most important one is based on the consequences of the disturbances.

Disturbances may lead to break-down “production” of rejects or non-optimal production. Break-downs are caused by the class of disturbance that does not permit further operation of the manufacturing system. Another class includes disturbances that lead to the production of rejects – the manufacturing system may still work but its operation is inefficient because the results are unacceptable. Disturbances belonging to the third class lead to the least serious consequences: products are acceptable but production is suboptimal which means that all possibilities of improvement have not been exploited.

Different supervisory functions are needed in manufacturing. In the case of disturbances leading to break-downs, the main supervisory function is to prevent failure. However, if it is not possible, the supervisory system should attempt to reduce losses, probably by switching off the machine tool as quickly as possible, and then to perform a recovery procedure which brings manufacturing back to the successful state.

In cases of disturbances that lead to manufacturing products which cannot be accepted, the supervisory function is to prevent production of rejects. However, if it can only make corrections, it must change the manufacturing process in such a way that the parameters of the products are within the required tolerances. In case of successful production, the role of supervision is to optimize, that is to make success even greater by increasing the quality index.

Supervisory functions may be performed by humans, built into automatic control system of the working cycle or need a special supervisory system.