8. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the function of a supervisory system?

2. What is the most common action taken in technological adaptive control system?

3. When does the automatic system interrupt the machining process?

4. What may be the results of recovery procedures?

5. What may be corrected in a typical system of automatic supervision?

6. How are the influences of all disturbances corrected in a closed-loop system?

7. What characteristics can you measure in order to correct the process in a closed-loop system?

8. Does an on-line manufacturing process work only according to one control strategy?

9. Подберите пары близких по значению слов из данного ряда.

involve (v), act (v), manufacturing (n), include (v), changing (n), take an action, production (n), replacing (n), supervise (v), take care of.

10. Замените пропуски нужным глаголом (to debug, to wear out, to eliminate, to replace). Поставьте его в пассивной форме.

1. This tool…………; it must be…………by a new one.

2. Certain types of machining operation…………by means of some changes in the process plan.

3. The operation of the tool…………by automatic supervision.

11. Переведите текст письменно со словарем.

When designing an automatic supervision and recovery system, there are two factors to be considered:

1. The software must be easy to upgrade, debug and expand;

2. A good knowledge of types of errors that will be encountered must be available, as well as the sensors to be used.

Obviously, one cannot have full knowledge of all types of errors that will be encountered: hence the need to make the software as rich as possible, in order to enable an operator (not a programmer) to add new error which may be foreseeable. It is quite important to construct a software system in which robot and machine programs can be easily optimized, and, ideally, without creating any system downtime.

Урок 9

1. Выпишите из словаря транскрипцию и перевод следующих слов. Запомните их произношение и значения.

flexible (a), assemble (v), accept (v), size (n), sequence (n), solve (v), trust (v), hardware (n), software (n)

2. Правильно прочитайте интернациональные слова и дайте их русский эквивалент. Посмотрите в словаре, выпишите с переводом и выучите подчёркнутые слова.

stage [steɪʤ], final ['faɪnl], balance (n, v) ['bæləns], stable ['steɪbl], principal ['prɪnsəpəl], variant ['vɛərɪənt], project ['prɒʤekt], produce [prə'dju:s]

3. Прочитайте ряды однокоренных слов. Переведите их, исходя из значения словообразовательных элементов.

vary (v), various (a), variant (n), variety (n)

accept (v), acceptable (a), acception (n), unacceptable (a)

assemble (v), assembly (n)

represent (v), representation (n), representative (a)

achieve (v), achieving (pres. p.), achieved (p.p.), achievement (n)

solve (v), solution (n), solvable (a)

procedure (n), procedural (a)

debug (v), debugging (n)

4. Прочитайте и переведите словосочетания.

price/performance plan, product assembly, product variant, software approach, database system, rule-based system, small batch size, object oriented environment, flexible automatic assembly system, intelligent error recovery system, expert system’s inference engine

5. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные функции глагола “to be” (Приложение 2, табл. 1).

1. The two methods are to be balanced.

2. There are two types of errors: external and internal.

3. The transfer of products is to be carried out as quickly as possible.

4. This error is corrected by cell calibration.

5. The reliability is usually more important than cost where monitoring is concerned.

6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций (Приложение 2, табл. 4).

1. The students are shown a new laboratory.

2. Machine tool operators may be helped by a monitoring system.

3. Normally each 1/0 device is given address when it is installed in the system.

4. Read/write memory is usually referred to as random-access memory for historical reasons.

5. The storage locations can be immediately addressed by the program counter.

7. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные способы перевода глаголов "should", "would" (Приложение 2, табл. 11, 12).

1. If the model fitted well, the observed data would be correct.

2. Unless computer techniques had been developed, space research would have never made such great progress.

3. Should it be desirable to divide the piece in two parts, several ways would be possible.

4. Care should always be taken in interpreting signals from accelerometers, since their dynamic characteristics may sometimes influence measuring results in an undesirable way.

5. In order to obtain complete information on tool wear, the transducers should present the possibility of looking at the tool from different angles.