Урок 15

1. Правильно прочитайте и вспомните значение слов.

to affect, to correspond, to locate, to determine, to become, to behave, to depend

2. Прочитайте ряды однокоренных слов. Переведите их, исходя из значения словообразовательных элементов.

nullify (v), nullification (n), nullity (n)

apply (v), application (n)

lead (v), leader (n)

conclude (v), conclusion (n)

desire (n), desirable (a), undesirable (a)

know (v), known (a), unknown (a), knowledge (n)

3. Прочитайте и переведите словосочетания.

automatic diagnosis system location, non-automatic cause detection, computer-aided form, steady-state leading forces, fault diagnosis phase, adaptive control with constraints system

4. Выпишите из словаря значения слова "due" и переведите предложения, учитывая эти значения.

1. The control must be performed with due attention.

2. If both sensory units indicate the part missing, then it is an operational error due to part missing.

3. In control systems static errors due to steady-state leading forces cannot be avoided.

4. An expert system determines whether abnormality is due to a recoverable fault or fatal hardware failure.

5. The expert system must stop normal robot operation and activate fault diagnosis phase if the abnormality is due to hardware failures.

6. The incorrect reading may be due to a missing part and not due to sensory unit failing. In some rare cases, it may be due to both.

5. Выпишите из словаря значения глагола "to follow". Переведите предложения, учитывая эти значения.

1. He spoke so fast that nobody could follow him.

2. The nature of process will be discussed first and this will be followed by an interpretation of the actual system.

3. The typical indication of a tool breakage is a fast increase of the force from the steady-state force level followed by a temporary drop to zero force.

4. In the robot it is possible to distinguish the following major subsystems: a manipulator, sensors, a controller, actuators.

5. These schemes allow a separation of the two basic tasks of the control system: following the desired tracking on one hand and reducing the object of disturbances on the other hand.

6. Переведите предложения, учитывая разный перевод слова "it" (Приложение 2, табл. 16).

1. It is apparent that a robot must be able to operate automatically.

2. It implies that data must be transmitted to the control system.

3. Although this diminishes the accuracy of the measurement, it also considerably increases protection against transducer failure.

4. It is understandable that adaptive control with constraints systems are mostly intended for rough cutting operations.

5. It is unlikely that this design will be duplicated in higher level controllers.

7. Переведите текст, учитывая значение глагольных форм.

Control systems that optimize turning (токарный) and boring (сверлильный) operations are still not to be found in industry. Nevertheless, much research and development effort is being spent worldwide in order to realize such systems. One important problem still to be solved in these control systems is the measurement of tool wear. Recent research findings involving advanced signal analysis present some hope that this problem will be solved.

Tool breakage is sensed by using advanced pattern of recognition of changes in the cutting force. This is done by simultaneously comparing the cutting force to stored cutting force patterns. Several different patterns are stored in the system, each signifying a different tool breakage. As soon as a pattern is recognized, an alarm indicating tool breakage is activated.