Урок 17

1. Правильно прочитайте и вспомните значение слов.

to process, available, to fail, to supply, to check

2. Прочитайте ряды однокоренных слов. Переведите их, исходя из значений словообразовательных элементов.

process (v), process (n), processing (n), microprocessor(n)

fail (v), failure (n)

control (n), controllable (a), uncontrollable (a), controller (n)

function (n), function (v), functional (a), functionality(n)

connect (v), connection (n)

mean (v), means (n), by means of

couple (v), couple (n), decouple (v)

3. Прочитайте и переведите словосочетания.

drive and measuring system, information processing, monitoring and diagnosis component, normal system behaviour

4. Переведите, учитывая значение союза “whether” – ли.

1. The problem which greatly interested the scientists was whether other elements besides uranium possessed the property of emitting radiation.

2. Following Roentgen's discovery, the x-rays were thoroughly investigated to determine whether they were waves or particles.

3. Usually a simple touch probe (зонд) is used to feel whether the tool is there.

4. The expert system must first decide whether the abnormality is due to an operational error or a hardware fault.

5. When a hardware failure is detected the controller first checks whether motors are operating correctly.

5. Переведите предложения, учитывая значение слов с элементом

“-self”/”-selves”: (сам, само-).

1. Metal cutting power in itself is of great interest.

2. Most factors concerning machining supervision have to be related to the manufacturing processes themselves.

3. A skilled workforce in itself is difficult to find.

4. Self-organizing controllers are a possible solution to this problem.

5. The idea is to make the robot self-sufficient in diagnosis.

6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные глагольные формы.

1. After the information related to all the machining involved in making a complete component is stored, the actual monitoring phase can also take place for the next workpiece.

2. One big disadvantage of this system is that operator must calibrate it by using the first workpiece as a calibrating device, the time and memory for more complex workpieces using long NC programs.

3. When components of the system are machined after (согласно, по) the learning process, actual cutting forces are monitored and checked to ensure that they are within the established limits.

4. The stored values must be deducted from the measured values in order to obtain the true machining values.

7. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Diagnosis(3)

The control equipment exists at all the electronic and electrical elements, including the connecting elements of the drive and measuring systems and all the equipment used in information processing. Modern diagnosis technology is based on electronics and such equipment is generally available today for most control systems in the form of microcomputers. Thus, the monitoring and diagnosis component is part of the machine system which itself can fail. However, as experience shows, when electronic controllers are used as a central part of the control system (processor, storage, bus, current supply) failure rates are very low in comparison to the system as a whole.

For a better classification of the diagnosis strategies, it is reasonable to divide the faults to be observed into internal and external control faults and thus to relate the faults according to the monitoring and diagnosis functions.

Disturbances are caused by internal faults and by external faults. The latter are differentiated into elements without information processing of their own and elements with information processing of their own.

There are two basic principles for automatic monitoring and diagnosis:

1) checking the functionality of a module by means of specified tests; and

2) checking the functionality by observation.

A testing procedure is characterized by the fact that the module to be checked is connected to a testing function, which means that the checking is done actively. Since this generally has a harmful effect on the process, it must be possible to decouple the checked module from the process itself while testing is in progress.

The characteristic of an observation is the passive checking of the normal system behaviour of a module by observing its input and/or output values.