10. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции инфинитива (Приложение 2, табл. 9).

1. The driving forces must be applied to the mechanical system to force the actual (существующий) positions to track (идти по) the desired ones.

2. A set of diagnostic test sequences are designed to check distinguishable segment in each path for correct operation.

3. To localize the faulty unit, the system will use test sequences and will identify the fault to a unit package level.

4. In an automatic supervision system, tool wear is an important parameter to monitor.

5. It is necessary to use modern calculating tools, i.e. finite element analysis to find the optimal placement of the transducer.

6. To compare the flow of electricity along a conductor with that of a liquid (жидкость) in a pipe has become familiar.

11. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Monitoring, diagnosing, supervising

The terms “monitoring” and “diagnosing” are frequently used in automatic supervision, sometimes interchangeably, and hence may cause confusion. Monitoring may be considered as a special kind of diagnosing, but the terms are not synonymous.

In everyday “to monitor” means “to observe and record the activity or performance of an engine or other device”. Monitoring, in the context of automatic supervision in manufacturing is “inspecting the chosen features of the process, the product or the production equipment with the aim of gathering information in order to ensure the required value of the quality index or maximize the value of the quality index”.

Machine tool operators can themselves monitor the manufacturing process using their sensing organs and knowledge based on experience. They may be helped by a monitoring system that measures the chosen features of the machining process and/or production equipment and sends the signals in cases of malfunction.

In automatic supervision, a monitoring system is only a part of an automatic supervision system. In addition to monitoring, automatic supervision must have the capability to carry out a control action which influences the production process according to a chosen supervising strategy.

Diagnosing has a broader meaning than monitoring. Monitoring is a kind of on-line diagnosing with the capability of quick determination of what has happened – of what is the result of the disturbances. The detailed cause of a failure is frequently established later by a more complicated diagnostic process.

Symptom in automatic manufacturing means a characteristic change in the manufacturing process or equipment that indicates a failure, probability of failure or non-optimal condition of the process. Symptom is recognized by the monitoring system and signaled by its output. In many cases a symptom is just signaling that “something is wrong” because conditions are significantly different from normal. This change of conditions may be characteristic of a whole class of failure. Further diagnosing is needed to determine which specific kind of failure has occurred.

Identification of a failure can be made more accurately on the basis of a set of symptoms. A set of symptoms characteristic for the particular failure is called a syndrome. The measurement and evaluations of several features of the monitored system make possible a more specific determination of the failure.