8. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Monitoring and measurements

Monitoring is the art of measuring change or condition of function signals as warning that possible corrections are required. In an automatic supervision system, monitoring is associated with measurements of the chosen features of the process and/or the production equipment. The general rule is to use a measuring installation that is as simple and reliable as possible. This installation should not interfere with the manufacturing functions and be immune to difficult workshop conditions. Whenever possible, the signal already existing in the manufacturing system should be used for monitoring purposes. But in most cases, special sensors have to be employed.

The choice of a quantity to be measured depends in most cases on the aim of the supervisory system (formulation of the quality index) and the characteristics of the manufacturing process to be supervised. The general rule is that the measured quantity should represent the quality index as closely as possible. In some specific cases the measured quantity should represent the value of the main disturbance and not the value of the quality index.

The choice of sensors for measurement of the selected quantity depends on the character of the manufacturing process and the configuration of the manufacturing system, as well as the static and dynamic requirements relating to the results of the measurements. The cost of the sensor and its measuring installation must of course be considered, but reliability is usually more important than cost where monitoring is concerned.

The rapidly developing integration techniques for electronic circuit make it possible to assemble, as one element, a sensor together with a large part of the measuring system. The term “intelligent sensor” is often used in such cases, but “integrated sensor” seems to be more appropriate.

9. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does monitoring measure?

2. What are the characteristics of a measuring installation?

3. What devices are employed for monitoring purposes?

4. What does the choice of quantity to be measured depend on?

5. What should the measured quantity represent?

6. What does the choice of sensor depend on?

7. What is the most important characteristic of a sensor?

8. What is an integrated sensor?

10. Подберите пары близких по значению слов из данного ряда.

aim (n), warn (v), main (a), different (a), concern (v), prevent (v), principal (a), relate (v) to, various (a), purpose (n)

11. Замените пропуски нужной глагольной формой (is supplied, exist, warns, is represented, relate to).

1. In an automatic system some signals…………for monitoring purposes.

2. The quality index…………by a measured quantity.

3. The static and dynamic requirements…………the results of measurements.

4. Monitoring…………that possible corrections are required.

5. New information…………by simple sensors.

12. Переведите текст письменно со словарем.

Simple sensors are usually used to detect where the task interruption has occurred. Often these sensors supply enough information for the system to draw its own conclusions. A particular sequence of simple sensor values can indicate a specific error if we have a process control system with some form of backing. Hence we can eliminate the need for several smart sensors: many small binary sensors are more reliable source of information than a few very complex sensors.

However, this is not enough in itself, because new errors occur and it is always best to have some form of analysis available. In practice one does not always use a secondary analysis with smart sensors, because classification of the error begins at the simple sensor level.