6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные глагольные формы.

1. A readable language needs the programmer to write in a structured way. Typically a structured program is a hierarchy of modules, each having a single entry point and a single exit point.

2. The language must be flexible enough to allow the programmer to carry out whatever he wishes, without having to use machine code inserts (включение) or other similar techniques.

3. Real-time systems must often achieve high computational throughput (пропускная способность) in order to meet the constraints imposed by the monitoring and control of the systems.

4. Over the next few years we are likely to see many developments in manufacturing systems.

7. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Decentralization of planning and control in a cellular flexible manufacturing system (1)

In an automated manufacturing system the objective is to accomplish two classes of manufacturing functions in a fully automated and flexible manner. These are: factory operation functions and information processing/ decision making functions. Information processing functions are required to guide and support factory operations. Here, we focus primarily upon the automation of manufacturing planning and control functions.

Let us consider a manufacturing system consisting of units called flexible manufacturing cells. These cells are connected by means of a local area network for information exchange and decision propagation, and by a transportation subsystem. In the information processing, until recently, the major focus has been on integration of independently automated components such as Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Content Addressable Memory (CAM). Such orientation do not fully exploit the inherent advantages of cellular architectures. For example, models generated from CAD systems do not contain enough information to drive process planning. Planning is not linked to the shop floor, and thus cannot incorporate online information.

In addition to manufacturing equipment, each cell has computing and data storage units collectively referred to as a logical cell controller. Among others, an important function of a cell controller is to act as a link between the cell and the rest of the system. The cell controller of each cell is capable of exchanging information with the rest of the system through a communication subsystem.

In almost all cellular architectures presented by researchers so far (до сих пор) the cell controllers have limited functions which are cell NC programming, monitoring, cell level scheduling etc. All other functions such as process-planning, material requirements planning, coordination among cells etc. are performed externally at higher levels of control in the system.

8. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the objective of an automated manufacturing system?

2. What is the aim of information processing functions?

3. What does a manufacturing system consist of?

4. How are manufacturing cells connected?

5. Give examples of the integration of independently automated components.

6. What is a logical cell controller?

7. What are the functions of the cell controller?

8. At what level are process-planning and coordination among cells performed?