15. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is a disturbance?

2. What kinds of disturbances are there?

3. How is it possible to reduce or eliminate a disturbance?

4. What is adaptability?

5. Why is it necessary to have many different supervisory systems?

16. Заполните пропуски нужной глагольной формой (is lowered, enter, enables, eliminates).

1. These disturbances ……… a manufacturing system by different material ways.

2. An appropriate design of the manufacturing system ……… the influence of certain disturbances.

3. Adaptability ………… a manufacturing system to reduce the influence of disturbances.

4. Sensitivity to thermal deformation ………… by the use of certain materials.

17. Переведите текст письменно со словарем.

Both processing and system conditions must be monitored to ensure optimum performance. There are three major strategies at present used for implementing process monitoring and control with the help of time-critical and non-time-critical situation sensing techniques. These are:

1. Open-loop monitoring systems that measure some condition of the machine tool or process and then display or activate an alarm to prompt human intervention;

2. Open-loop diagnostic systems that attempt to determine a functional or casual relationship between a machine failure and its cause;

3. Closed-loop adaptive control systems that automatically adapt machining conditions to changes in the process environment according to pre-determined strategies.

Урок 4

1. Вспомните основные правила ударения в английском языке (Приложение 1, часть 4). Прочитайте следующие слова и объясните ударение в них.

to permit, disturbances, supervise, supervising, manufacturing, control, controller, the ‘reject, to re’ject

2. Выпишите из словаря транскрипцию и перевод следующих слов. Запомните их произношение и значения.

include (v), lead (v), consequence (n), prevent (v), break-down (n), failure (n), loss (n), recovery (n), belong (v), perform (v), performance (n)

3. Правильно прочитайте интернациональные слова и дайте их русский эквивалент. Посмотрите в словаре, выпишите с переводом и выучите подчёркнутые слова.

classify [‘klæsɪfaɪ], exploit [ɪks’plɔɪt], procedure [prə’si:ʤə], human [‘hju:mən], criteria [kraɪ’tɪərɪə], inefficient [,ɪnɪ’fɪʃənt], integrate [‘ɪntɪgreɪt]

4. Переведите следующие прилагательные, учитывая значение суффиксов -ful (наличие), -less (отсутствие, недостаточность).

helpful, useful, useless, powerful, powerless, colourless, successful, harmful, faultless

5. Переведите прилагательные, учитывая значение суффиксов -able, -ible, -uble (способный, подверженный, поддающийся).

valuable, understandable, unbelievable, reliable, unacceptable, adaptable, controllable, unavoidable, unsuitable, practicable, dependable

6. Прочитайте ряды однокоренных слов. Переведите их, исходя из значений словообразовательных элементов.

class (n), classify (v), classification (n)

supervise (v), supervisory (a), supervision (n)

‘monitor (v), ‘monitoring (n)

possible (a), impossible (a), possibility (n), impossibility (n)

manufacture (v), manufacturing (n)

product (n), production (n), productivity (n)

efficient (a), inefficient (a), efficiency (n)

accept (v), acceptable (a), unacceptable (a)

7. Прочитайте и переведите словосочетания.

recovery procedure, monitoring component, machine system, current supply, failure rates, surface roughness measurement, signature analysis, positioning accuracy, error recovery routine, industrial assembly environment

8. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные значения слова “case”.

1. In many cases a symptom is signaling that “something is wrong”, because conditions are different from normal.

2. The monitoring system measures the chosen features of the machining process and sends the signals in cases of malfunction.

3. In cases of disturbances leading to break-downs the main supervisory function is to prevent failure.

4. Automatic supervisory systems may differ from the elementary system. In one extreme case it may be a very simple hardware system. In another extreme case, it may be pure software.

5. There are many cases for packing the equipment.